Vision

Question 1

saccades

Answer 1

shift fovea rapidly to target in periphery

Question 2

smooth pursuit

Answer 2

keep image of a moving target on fovea

Question 3

vergence

Answer 3

moves eyes in opp directions so image positioned on both fovea

Question 4

vestibulo-ocular movements

Answer 4

hold images still on retina during brief head movements

Question 5

optokinetic movements

Answer 5

-hold images still on retina during sustained head rotation (driven by visual stimuli)

Question 6

Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN)

Answer 6

• as tracked element moves out of sight, eyes snap back to fixate on another one
• thought to be controlled by tectopulvinar system
• spatial vision (acuity, contrast sensitivity)

Question 7

Trochlear (CN 4)

Answer 7

superior oblique (moves eye down, out)
lesion - can't look down, in (stairs), vertical diploplia, head tilt

Question 8

Oculomotor (CN 3)

Answer 8

-sup rectus, levator palpebrae, medial rectus, inf rectus, inf oblique, sphincter pupillae

Question 9

Edinger Westphal

Answer 9

to pupil (CN3)

Question 10

nerves to eye muscles come out of ____

Answer 10

cavernous sinus

Question 11

Inferior Temporal

Answer 11

• WHAT
• important in visual perception of visual memory, form
• response to pictures of faces
• lesion = prosopagnosia

Question 12

Prosopagnosia

Answer 12

difficulty recognizing faces although vision is normal

Question 13

Dorsal Stream

Answer 13

to parietal = where (magnocellular)

Question 14

Venteral Stream

Answer 14

to inferior temporal = what (parvocellular)

Question 15

Superior Colliculus

Answer 15

receives input from IPSA optic tract

-project to MN in pons and SC via TECTOPONTINE and TECTOSPINAL tracts

Question 16

Tectopontine tract

Answer 16

sup colliculus -> pons -> cerebellum

-control of eye movements through paramedian pontine RF

Question 17

Tectospinal

Answer 17

-reflex control head/neck in response to visual inputs

Question 18

Pretectal area of Midbrain

Answer 18

• mediates pupillary reflexes

- optic tract -> pretectal -> Edinger-Wesphal -> ciliary ganglion -> mus

Question 19

macular sparing

Answer 19

preservation of central 5-10 degrees of vision

-due to occipital lesion

Question 20

Adies pupil

Answer 20

• unilateral dilated pupil
• absent DTR
• no pupillary reflex
• lesion of PSNS postG fibers of ciliary ganglion or nerves

Question 21

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 21

• small, irregular pupil

- doesnt react to light, DOES react to accomodation

Question 22

PRF lesion

Answer 22

• lose horizontal saccade IPSA
• gaze deviates CONTRA
• lateral nystagmus when looking CONTRA