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NEURO > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Golgi I Multipolar Neurons

A

-long axon that projects from one subsystem to another (eg brain to SC, SC to foot)

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2
Q

Golgi II Multipolar Neurons (Interneurons)

A

-short axons, make connections in same subsystem

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3
Q

Segmental Interneurons (Types)

A
  • project only to same segment of SC
    1. Associative – same side of SC
    2. Commussural – crosses sides
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4
Q

Propriospinal Interneurons

A

-project to other SC segments

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5
Q

Tract Cells

A
  • similar to Golgi I neurons but reside only in CNS

- tracts = collection of fibers sending same information

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6
Q

Excitatory NT’s (3)

A

AcH, glutamate, Serotonin

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7
Q

Inhibitory NT (1)

A

GABA

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8
Q

Dopamine

A

can be BOTH excitatory and inhibitory

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9
Q

Functions of Intracellular Matrix (3)

A
  • gives cell shape, stiffness
  • provides mechanisms for growth, motility
  • provides internal network for transport of molecules, organelles
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10
Q

Components of Axon (3)

A
  1. actin filaments - structural integrity
  2. neurofilament - mechanical integrity
  3. microtubules - carry fluids
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11
Q

Glia – functions (4)(MouNDS)

A
  1. developmental (scaffold, release GFs)
  2. support
  3. nurture
  4. maintain constant environment
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12
Q

Astrocytes - fibrous

A

supports axons in white matter

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13
Q

Astrocytes - protoplasmic

A

supports axons in gray matter

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14
Q

Astrocytes - perivascular

A

psuedopodial projections onto blood vessel endothelium

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15
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin in CNS

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16
Q

Microglia

A
  • derived from mesoderm

- clean up debris in CNS (instead of having large WBC’s)

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17
Q

Ependymal cells

A
  • converted neuroepithelial cell

- when stops producing neurons, acts as a limiting membrane to ventricle system & produces CSF

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18
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

area of ventricle where ependymal cells produce CSF

19
Q

Schwann Cell

A

produces myelin in periphery

20
Q

Satellite glia

A
  • astrocyte-like functions (support)

- supports neurons in periphery (ganglia)

21
Q

Perineural Glia

A

structure

22
Q

Gliosis

A

proliferation of astrocytes to form plaques of scars

-reaction to injury

23
Q

Iontotropic receptor

A
  • typical synapse

- gated ion channel

24
Q

Metabotropic receptor

A
  • receptor activates G protein

- G protein subunit activates ion channel directly or indirectly

25
Q

Epineurium - types

A
  1. Epifasicular - surrounds whole nerve
  2. Interfasicular - loosely attached to epifasicular, fills in spaces between fasicles, helps disperse compressive forces
26
Q

Perineurium

A
  • type I & II collagen
  • surrounds fasicles
  • oriented in oblique, longtitudinal, and circumferential directions
  • up to 15 layers thick
  • present in tight junctions, BBB
  • mechanical strength (primary load bearing portion)
27
Q

Endoneurium

A
  • surrounds individual axons

- type I & II collagen

28
Q

Microcirculation of a nerve

A
  • enter epineurium periodically
  • divide into arterioles that form anastamosing network in epi/perineurium
  • vessels in endoneurium become capillaries, travel longitudinally
29
Q

Neurolemma

A
  • Schwann cell plasma membrane
  • surrounds all peripheral nerves, even unmyelinated
  • one schwann for many unmyelinated axons, 1:1 for myelinated
30
Q

Myelin sheath in PNS

A

Schwann cell membrane (neurolemma) wraps around axon to form myelin sheath

31
Q

Myelin sheath in CNS

A
  • no neurolemma sheath, not 1:1 relationship

- oligodendrocytes

32
Q

Ia

A
  • motor: extrafusal ms fibers (Aalpha)

- sensory: primary afferent of ms spindle

33
Q

Ib

A

-sensory: GTO, touch/pressure receptors

34
Q

II

A
  • motor: both inta/extrafusal ms fibers (Abeta)

- sensory: secondary afferents of muscle spindles, touch/pressure receptors, pacinian corpuscles

35
Q

III

A

-sensory: small, lightly myelinated fibers - touch/pressure, pain, temp

36
Q

IV

A
  • motor: all post ganglionic fibers

- sensory: P&T

37
Q

SVE

A

cranial nerves motor to skeletal muscle eg) facial muscles

38
Q

SVA

A

visceral sensations - taste & smell

39
Q

SSA

A

somatic sensations - vision, hearing, equilibrium

40
Q

GSA

A

-conscious sensation (pain, temp, touch, proprioception)

41
Q

GVA

A

visceral sensation (ischemia, BP)

42
Q

GSE

A

voluntary motor to skeletal muscles

43
Q

GVE

A

autonomic motor to smooth/cardiac muscles and glands (PSNS, SNS)

NEURO (10 decks)

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