Thalamus

Question 1

Arteries serving thalamus (4)

Answer 1

1. Thalamogeniculate**
2. Thalamoperforating
3. Posterior choroidal
4. Tuberothalamic (Polar)

Question 2

Lesion to anterior portion of dorsal thalamus (Tuberothalamic A.)

Answer 2

• lose anterior nucleus, dorsolateral nucleus

- memory, limbic, emotion

Question 3

Lesion - Paramedian region

Answer 3

• lose dorsomedian nucluss (amyglada, intralaminar nuc)

- neuropsych issues - arousal.memory

Question 4

Lesion - inferolateral area (thalamogeniculate arteries)

Answer 4

-contra loss somatic sensations (not pain)

Question 5

Lesion - posterior limb of internal capsule

Answer 5

1. contra hemiplegia (corticospinal)

2. Contra somasthetic sensation (touch, pressure, proprio)

Question 6

Epithalamus (contents - 3)

Answer 6

=roof of 3rd ventricle

• habenula, pineal body (melatonin), stria medularis
• link from flimbic(forebrain) and other parts of brain

Question 7

Thalamus formed from _____

Answer 7

alar plates of neural tube

prosencephalon –> diencephalon

Question 8

Subthalamus

Answer 8

border btw thalamus and midbrain, rostral to subs. nigra

• important for regulating movements produced my skeletal ms.
• actually part of basal ganglia

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

homeostasis, behavior

Question 10

Dorsal thalamus

Answer 10

=thalamus proper

Question 11

Pineal Body

Answer 11

• secretes melatonin

- regulates sleep/wakefulness, sexual maturity, mating season

Question 12

Habenula

Answer 12

• nucleus projecting to midbrain

- thought to release dopamine, NE, serotonin

Question 13

3 Major function

Answer 13

1. relay/integrate sensory info
2. effect consciousness and helps with focusing attention
3. relay/integration of motor info
   - dictates what we perceive

Question 14

Association Nuclei (3)

Answer 14

dorsomedial, pulvinar, lateral posterior

Question 15

Dorsomedial Nuclei

Answer 15

1. parvo cellular - lesion = flat affect, transient memory loss, anterograde amnesia
2. Magno cellular - smell relay

Question 16

Pulvinar

Answer 16

vision

Question 17

Lateral posterior

Answer 17

links btw subcortical visual areas & association cortical visual areas

Question 18

Medial Group - blood

Answer 18

thalamic A, post cerebral A

Question 19

Posterior Group – blood

Answer 19

Posterior cerebral A, post choroidal A

Question 20

Lateral Group – Blood

Answer 20

Post choroidal, thalamogeniculate, polar

Question 21

Anterior Group – Blood

Answer 21

tuberothalamic A

Question 22

Anterior Area Lesion - Tuberothalamic A.

Answer 22

-peronsality changes (withdrawn, disoriented, euphoria, lack of insight, apathy, etc), memory impairment (new memory)

Question 23

Paramedian Lesion

Answer 23

• dorsomedian nucleus
• probs with arousal, memory
• confusion, agitation, aggression, apathy
• speech probs (hypophnia - soft speech, dysprosody - pitch/timing control)
• schizo-like

Question 24

Inferolateral Lesion - Thalamogeniculate A

Answer 24

• ataxia (VA, VL)
• somatosensory sensation (VP)
• most common lesion

Question 25

Posterior Lesion

Answer 25

• hypoesthesia (decr sensitivity to light, other sensations)
• spatial neglect
• homonymous horizontal sectoranopsia (LGB) = loss of vision in a portion of the visual field

Question 26

Thalamic Syndrome (Dejerine Roussy)

Answer 26

• blockage in thalamogeniculate going to post-ventral thalamus
• numbness-> burning/tingling on affected side, dysasthesias/allodynia
• sometimes severe ongoing pain w little/no stimuli
• can have motor problems

Question 27

Internal Capsule – Anterior limb

Answer 27

anterior thalamic radiation, frontopontine and other corticofugal fibers

Question 28

Internal Capsule – genu

Answer 28

corticobulbar, head

Question 29

Internal Capsule – post limb

Answer 29

corticopontine, superior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract