Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNB > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

sclera

A

the whites of the eyes - tough, opaque, fibrous, and for protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cornea

A

clear, domed lens which accounts for ~80% of the eye’s focusing power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

iris

A

the ring of colour around the pupil which controls the diameter of the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lens

A

a flexible, curved structure which accounts for the remaining ~20% focusing power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

accomodation

A

the lens’ shape adjusting to see nearer or farther

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

near accommodation

A

muscles flex, lens becomes rounder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

far accommodation

A

muscles relax, lens flattens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness - light is focused behind retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness - light is focuses before retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

retina

A

thin, transparent sheet of tissue at the back of the eye that receives the image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rods

A

for scoptic (low light) vision, contains rhodopsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cones

A

for photopic (high light) vision, contains idopsin, are chromatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fovea

A

the centre of the retina (0°), consists solely of cones with a ring of rods around it (20°)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

back layer

A

photoreceptors - rods and cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

middle layer

A

horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells - begin processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

top layer

A

ganglion cells, which relay the signal to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

parvocellular cells

A

p-cells, are smaller and convey details for perception of pattern, form, texture, depth, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

magnocellular cells

A

m-cells, are larger and convey information about movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

optic disc

A

lacks photoreceptors, is where the axons of the ganglion cells exit the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

centre-surround antagonism

A

centre of a ganglion receptive field responds to light, but the outer ring responds in the opposite way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

binocular zone

A

where the visual fields overlap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

monocular zone

A

what can only be seen by one of the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

nasal hemi-retina

A

the half of the retina closest to the nose

24
Q

temporal hemi-retina

A

the half of the retina closest to the temples

25
Q

optic nerve

A

the exiting ganglion axons

26
Q

optic chiasm

A

where the optic nerves cross each other, the temporal information is sent to the opposite side of the brain

27
Q

optic tract

A

the names of the nerve bundles once they pass the optic chiasm

28
Q

pretectal midbrain

A

a destination of the optic tract, controls the pupil reflexes in response to light changes

29
Q

retinohypothalamic fibers

A

a destination of the optic tract, regulates circadian rhythm

30
Q

superior colliculus

A

a destination of the optic tract, controls saccadic (high velocity) eye movements and coordinates visual, auditory, and somatosensory information

31
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

A

a destination of the optic tract in the midbrain thalamus, is a visual processing hub with six layers

32
Q

LGN layers 1 and 2

A

processes m-cells

33
Q

LGN layers 3 through 6

A

processes p-cells

34
Q

striate cortex

A

the primary visual cortex (V1) and the second stop for visual information, contains simple, complex, and hyper complex cells

35
Q

ocular dominance columns

A

respond to input from a single eye, neighbouring columns respond to inputs from the other

36
Q

orientation columns

A

groups of cells with preferences towards certain orientations

37
Q

exstriate cortex

A

the areas surrounding the striate cortex: V2, V3, V4, V5 (MT), and IT

38
Q

feature detectors

A

another name for V1 cells due to their tendency to respond discriminately to features

39
Q

dorsal pathway

A

to the parietal lobe - the “where” or spatial processing of visual stimuli, includes V3 and V5

40
Q

V3

A

gets input fromV1 and V2 to process “global motion” in the visual field

41
Q

V5

A

plays a role in our perception of motion, is also known as MT (middle temporal)

42
Q

ventral pathway

A

to the temporal lobe - the “what” or identity processing of visual stimuli, includes V2, V4, and IT

43
Q

V2

A

looks for properties such as orientation, spatial frequency, and colour

44
Q

V4

A

responds to geometric shapes and colours

45
Q

motion parallax

A

a monocular depth cue, uses the perceived speed of nearby and distant objects

46
Q

optic flow

A

a monocular depth cue, uses the motion of the visual field due to your own movement through the environment

47
Q

interposition

A

a monocular depth cue, uses the overlapping of objects to infer depth

48
Q

linear perspective

A

a monocular depth cue, uses the sizes of distant and nearby objects to infer depth

49
Q

aerial perspective

A

a monocular depth cue, the assumption that farther objects look hazier and bluer

50
Q

shading

A

a monocular depth cue, infers depth via the shadows cast by the sun

51
Q

stereopsis

A

a binocular depth cue, uses the differences in the images from each eye to infer depth

52
Q

wavelength

A

hue

53
Q

purity

A

saturation

54
Q

amplitude

A

brightness

55
Q

protanopia

A

loss or dysfunction of red cone

56
Q

deuteranopia

A

loss or dysfunction of green cone

57
Q

tritanopia

A

rare (not sex related), loss or dysfunction of blue cone

PNB (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions