Psychological Disorders Flashcards
The four D’s
deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger
the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM)
only lists criteria to aid in assessing and diagnosing symptoms
Categorical Classifications
split by inflexible boundaries – one or the other
Dimensional Classifications
differs in degree – allows overlap – non-linear
Epidemiology
study of the distribution of disorders in a society
Prognosis
the probable course of an illness
Acute
short lasting with a sudden onset
Chronic
long lasting and develop over time
Episodic
reccurrent phases
Positive symptoms
addition of abnormal behaviours - often acute
Negative symptoms
loss of normal behaviours – decreasing engagement with the world - the five A’s
Alogia
reduction in speech
Anhedonia
inability to feel pleasure
[flat/blunt] Affect
minimal emotional responsiveness
Asociality
inability to engage in social interactions
Avolition
lack of motivation
Catatonic excitement
lots of movement
Catatonic stupor
severe lack of movement
Etiology
the cause or set of causes for a disorder
Biological model
also know as the medical model or the disease model -assumes its a result of malfunction in the brain - genetics, atypical neurotransmitter activity, or abnormal brain structures
Environmental model
Diathesis (genetic predisposition) + stress (external factors) -> disorder
Behavioural model
environmental factors aren’t the issue – its our responses to these factors that are - supported by the theory of learned helplessness
somatic symptom disorders
disorders without physical basis, ie psychological distress causing rashes
cognitive model
maladaptive information processing - perpetuated by cognitive distortions
cognitive distortions
self-generated misperceptions of reality
