Evolution

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

the differential survival and reproduction of organisms as a result of the heritable differences between them

Question 2

Natural selection prerequisites

Answer 2

differential reproduction, genetic diversity, and heritability

Question 3

Sexual selection

Answer 3

traits that make us appealing as a mate – traits evolved to increase their chance with the other sex

Question 4

Intersexual selection

Answer 4

interaction between males and females

Question 5

Intrasexual selection

Answer 5

interaction is between the same sex (rivalry)

Question 6

Adaptions

Answer 6

biological traits that help an individual survive and reproduce in its habitat – usually serve some function in the life of an individual

Question 7

The basic mechanisms of evolution

Answer 7

genetic drift, natural selection, mutation, and migration

Question 8

Stabilizing selection

Answer 8

selection against any departure from the species to keep traits stable over generations – if it works, why change it?

Question 9

Fitness

Answer 9

how good a genotype is at leaving copies of genes in the next generation, relative to other genotypes

Question 10

Species characteristic behaviour

Answer 10

certain behaviours which are relatively unique to the species

Question 11

Altruism

Answer 11

hurts actor, benefits recipient

Question 12

Cooperation

Answer 12

both actor and recipient benefit

Question 13

Selfish

Answer 13

actor benefits, hurts recipient

Question 14

Spite

Answer 14

hurts both actor and recipient

Question 15

Direct fitness

Answer 15

an individual’s genetic contribution through its personal reproduction

Question 16

Indirect fitness

Answer 16

genetic contribution through the reproduction of close genetic relatives

Question 17

Hamilton’s Rule

Answer 17

rB > C

Question 18

Direct reciprocity

Answer 18

help each other and both benefit

Question 19

Indirect reciprocity

Answer 19

helping others which in turn builds you a good reputation