Form Perception Flashcards
Gestalt Principles of Perception
(list)
figure-ground, proximity, closure, similarity, continuity, and common-fate
Figure-Ground
the ability to distinguish an object from it;s background
Proximity
elements that are close together in space “belong together”
Closure
even when there are gaps in the figure of an object, we fill it in to perceive a “whole” object
Similarity
the tendency to group together things that are physically similar
Continuity
we perceive a singualar, continuous form rather than a combination of awkard forms
if a truck is behind a lamp post, we can still tell it’s one whole truck
Common Fate
things that change the same way tend to be group together
Bottom-Up Processing
object recognition is guided by features present in the stimulus
Top-Down Processing
object recognition is guided by your own beliefs and/or expectations – can be guided by context, priming
Bidirectional Activation
using both top-down and bottom-up processing at once
Geon Theory
36 various geons stored in your brain, and using these we can recognize over 150 million different objects - cannot explain complex form recognition
Template Theory
we compare what we see to the templates we have stored to recognize objects – too many to feasibly store
Prototype Theory
we store the most typical/ideal examples of an object – what about particular versions, like your favourite mug?
Perceptual Constancy
our ability to perceive an object as unchanging even though the visual image produced by the object is constantly changing
Shape Constancy
we perceive objects to have a constant shape, despite changes in our point of view or in the positioning of the object
Location Constancy
we perceive the objects around us to be stationary, despite its location in our visual field changing due to our own movement
Size Constancy
the size of objects is perceived to be unchanging, despite how it appears to change with distance
Brightness Constancy
objects are perceived to be the same brightness despite reflecting more or less light onto our retina
Colour Constancy
objects are perceived to have a constant colour despite different illumination conditions
Feature Detectors
only respond to very specific stimuli – a certain orientation, whether it’s moving, where it is on the retina, etc
inc simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells
Simple Cells
responds maximally to bar of certain orientation at particular region
Complex Cells
esponds maximally to a bar of a certain orientation regardless of location – some also respond maximally to a specific direction of movement
Hypercomplex Cells
responds maximally to a bar of particular orientation and direction of movement, ending at specific points within the receptive field
Infants - 4hrs
enjoy looking at faces
Infants - 2m
whole form processing is emerging, prefer attractive faces, prefers their mother’s face over a stranger’s, becoming slowly more focused on the inner features of a face
Infants - 3m
faces are seen more holistically, can distinguish overlapping objects if they move seperately
Infants - 4m
earliest development of brightness, colour, and shape constancy, may start developing size constancy
Infants - 5m
can detect expressions, may start developing size constancy
Object Agnosia
the inability to perceive/identify objects – can tell by touch though - some cases, only struggles to recognize some genres of objects
Prosopagnosia
the inability to recognize faces – a pattern recognition disorder
Pareidolia
interpreting vague stimuli as something familiar to the viewer – especially common with faces
