Form Perception

Question 1

Gestalt Principles of Perception

(list)

Answer 1

figure-ground, proximity, closure, similarity, continuity, and common-fate

Question 2

Figure-Ground

Answer 2

the ability to distinguish an object from it;s background

Question 3

Proximity

Answer 3

elements that are close together in space “belong together”

Question 4

Closure

Answer 4

even when there are gaps in the figure of an object, we fill it in to perceive a “whole” object

Question 5

Similarity

Answer 5

the tendency to group together things that are physically similar

Question 6

Continuity

Answer 6

we perceive a singualar, continuous form rather than a combination of awkard forms

if a truck is behind a lamp post, we can still tell it’s one whole truck

Question 7

Common Fate

Answer 7

things that change the same way tend to be group together

Question 8

Bottom-Up Processing

Answer 8

object recognition is guided by features present in the stimulus

Question 9

Top-Down Processing

Answer 9

object recognition is guided by your own beliefs and/or expectations – can be guided by context, priming

Question 10

Bidirectional Activation

Answer 10

using both top-down and bottom-up processing at once

Question 11

Geon Theory

Answer 11

36 various geons stored in your brain, and using these we can recognize over 150 million different objects - cannot explain complex form recognition

Question 12

Template Theory

Answer 12

we compare what we see to the templates we have stored to recognize objects – too many to feasibly store

Question 13

Prototype Theory

Answer 13

we store the most typical/ideal examples of an object – what about particular versions, like your favourite mug?

Question 14

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 14

our ability to perceive an object as unchanging even though the visual image produced by the object is constantly changing

Question 15

Shape Constancy

Answer 15

we perceive objects to have a constant shape, despite changes in our point of view or in the positioning of the object

Question 16

Location Constancy

Answer 16

we perceive the objects around us to be stationary, despite its location in our visual field changing due to our own movement

Question 17

Size Constancy

Answer 17

the size of objects is perceived to be unchanging, despite how it appears to change with distance

Question 18

Brightness Constancy

Answer 18

objects are perceived to be the same brightness despite reflecting more or less light onto our retina

Question 19

Colour Constancy

Answer 19

objects are perceived to have a constant colour despite different illumination conditions

Question 20

Feature Detectors

Answer 20

only respond to very specific stimuli – a certain orientation, whether it’s moving, where it is on the retina, etc

inc simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells

Question 21

Simple Cells

Answer 21

responds maximally to bar of certain orientation at particular region

Question 22

Complex Cells

Answer 22

esponds maximally to a bar of a certain orientation regardless of location – some also respond maximally to a specific direction of movement

Question 23

Hypercomplex Cells

Answer 23

responds maximally to a bar of particular orientation and direction of movement, ending at specific points within the receptive field

Question 24

Infants - 4hrs

Answer 24

enjoy looking at faces

Question 25

Infants - 2m

Answer 25

whole form processing is emerging, prefer attractive faces, prefers their mother’s face over a stranger’s, becoming slowly more focused on the inner features of a face

Question 26

Infants - 3m

Answer 26

faces are seen more holistically, can distinguish overlapping objects if they move seperately

Question 27

Infants - 4m

Answer 27

earliest development of brightness, colour, and shape constancy, may start developing size constancy

Question 28

Infants - 5m

Answer 28

can detect expressions, may start developing size constancy

Question 29

Object Agnosia

Answer 29

the inability to perceive/identify objects – can tell by touch though - some cases, only struggles to recognize some genres of objects

Question 30

Prosopagnosia

Answer 30

the inability to recognize faces – a pattern recognition disorder

Question 31

Pareidolia

Answer 31

interpreting vague stimuli as something familiar to the viewer – especially common with faces