Vision Flashcards
Photoreceptors in the retina detect ____? Rods detect? Cones detect? Which one are there more?
detect light
Rods - scotopic dark
Cones - photopic - light (colour)
Lots of rods
What does the Retina do?
Converst light into AP
Retinal image is ____ and _____
Inverted, reversed
What are the 2 layers of the Retina and their sub divisions?
Neural layer
1. Ganglion cell layer (optic nerve (II))
2. Bipolar cell layer (horizontal, bipolar, amacrine cells)
3. Photorecpetor cell layer (rods, cones)
Pigmented layer
What is the site of transduction?
Photoreceptor layer
AP propagate along _____ toward _____
optic nerve (II) toward optic disc
Ganglion cells ______ input from ____ and _____
receive, rods, cones
Organization of rods and cones
Outer segment
-Rod, cones
Inner segment
-Organelles
Synaptic terminal
-synaptic vesicles
Converts light energy through photopigment ____ in rods and ___, ____, and _____ variants in cones
rhodopsin
red, blue, green
Where does the synaptic terminals of Rods and cones synapse with?
bipolar cells
Each photopigment abosrbs _____
a particular light wavelength
_____ are necessary to see all colours
all 3 cones
Visual pathway
Retinal ganglion cells provide output to the optic (II) nerve. The two optic nerves meet at the optic chiasm where the nasal retinal side decussates to the opposite side and the temporal retinal side remains ipsilaterally on the same side. They extend into the optic tract where some terminate at the superior colliculus and the majority continue to the lateral geniculate nucles of thalamus (synapse) where they go to the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe. They can also travel to the visual association area for more complex integration of visual input
Synesthesia
stimulation of one sensory pathway results in automatic stimulation of a different sensory pathway
Provide examples of Synethesia
Seeing colours when hearing musical notes
Experiencing tastes when seeing shapes
