Chapter 1: Homeostasis Flashcards
Homeostasis
Maintain relatively constant internal conditions (sameness standing still)
Disruptions to homeostasis often set in ___ called, that help restore the conditions needed for health and life …
Corrective cycles, feedback systems
Cell theory
- the cell is the basic unit of life
- all organisms are composed of one or more cells
- cells arise from pre-existing cells
Objective 1.1
Define physiology and identify several of its subdisciplines
Name three subdisciplines of physiology
Molecular
cell
neuro
endocrinology
cardiovascular
immunology
respiratory
renal
Gastrointestinal
Integrative
Exercise
Pathophysiology
Name three subdisciplines of physiology
Molecular
cell
neuro
endocrinology
cardiovascular
immunology
respiratory
renal
Gastrointestinal
Integrative
Exercise
Pathophysiology
Anatomy
Study of body structure
Why are anatomy and physiology often discussed in tandem
Bc structure define function therefore the anatomy defines its physiology
Molecular physiology
Functions of indiv molecules, such as proteins
cell physiology
Function of cells
Neurophysiology
Functions of the nervous system
Endocrinology
Hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions
Cardiovascular physiology
Functions of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
Immunology
How the body defends itself against disease-causing agents
Respiratory physiology
Functions of the air passageways and lungs
Renal physiology
functions of the kidney
Gastrointestinal physiology
Functions of the stomach and intestines
Integrative physiology
How diff parts of the body work together to accomplish a particular function
Exercise physiology
Changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity
Pathophysiology
Functional changes associated with disease and aging
What are the six levels of organization
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal level
What are the six levels of organization
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal level
Chemical level
atoms, molecules (two or more atoms joined together)
What are the main 2 familiar molecules in the body?
DNA, glucose
Cellular level
What combines to form cells?
molecules
Cells are the smallest units of capable of?
performing all life processes
What are some cells in the body?
epithelial
connective tissue cells
muscle cells
neurons
Tissue
a group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function
4 basic tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Epithelial tissue
covers body tissue surfaces, lines hollow organs and ducts, and forms glands
Connective tissue
supports and protects body organs
stores energy reserves as fat
provides the body with immunity to disease-causing agents
Muscle tissue
contracts to produce movement, maintain posture, and generate heat
Nervous tissue
detects and responds to changes to the body’s external or internal environment
Organ
two or more different types of tissues
specific function
sometimes recognizable shape
System
Organ system
Example/ digestive system (mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus
