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MDSC404 Neurophysiology > Chapter 8.1 CNS > Flashcards

Chapter 8.1 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

How does the CNS contribute to homeostasis?

A

The CNS maintains homeostasis by receiving input from sensory neurons, integrating new and old info, making decisions, and causing motor activity

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2
Q

What are some functions of the CNS?

A

Processes sensory info
Generates thought
Emotions
Memories
Stimulates muscles and glands to secrete

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3
Q

What are the protective coverings of the spinal cord?

A

The meninges and the vertebrate

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4
Q

Spinal Cord

A

A cylinder of nervous tissue that extends from the brain.

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5
Q

How long is the spinal cord in adults?

A

45cm in length and 2cm in diameter

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6
Q

Where is the spinal cord located?

A

w/in the vertebral canal of the vertebral column.

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7
Q

Meninges

A

Tough, connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain

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8
Q

What are the 3 spinal meninges?

A

Dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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9
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

B/w the arachnoid mater and the pia mater which contains cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

Meningitis

A

Bacterial or viral infection that causes inflammation of the meninges

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11
Q

Bacterial or viral is worse for meningitis

A

bacterial is worse, but there are vaccines. Viral goes away on its own in a couple of days

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12
Q

How are spinal nerves named?

A

They are named based on the region of the vertebral column from which they emerge

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13
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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14
Q

_ cervical nerves
_ thoracic nerves
_ lumbar “
_ sacral “
_ coccygeal “

A

8
12
5
5
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15
Q

How is a spinal nerve connected to the spinal cord?

A

By two bundles of axons called roots

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16
Q

Dorsal root

A

Contains only sensory axons, which conduct action potentials from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, and organs to the CNS

17
Q

What does each dorsal root have?

A

A swelling called the dorsal root ganglion

18
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG)

A

The swelling of a dorsal root that contains the primary sensory neurons that transmit pain signals from the peripheral nerve to the CNS. Contains thousands of cell bodies

19
Q

Ventral root

A

axons of motor neurons

20
Q

Which root contains sensory neurons and which contains motor neurons?

A

DRG contains sensory neurons
Ventral root contains motor neurons

21
Q

Mixed nerve

A

DRG contains sensory neurons and Ventral root contains motor neurons

22
Q

White matter surrounds ___

A

inner core of grey matter

23
Q

White matter

A

bundles of myelinated axons of neurons

24
Q

Gray matter

A

unmyelinated axons of neurons, neuroglia, dendrites and cell bodies of neurons

25
Q

Neuroglia

A

supporting nerve cells

26
Q

Central Canal

A

Space in the center of gray matter that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and extends the length of the spinal cord

27
Q

The gray matter is subdivided into ___

A

horns

28
Q

What are the 3 horns

A

dorsal
ventral
lateral

29
Q

Dorsal gray horn

A

axons of incoming sensory neurons as well as cell bodies and axons of interneurons

30
Q

Ventral gray horns

A

cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that convey action potentials to skeletal muscles

31
Q

Where are the lateral gray horns located only?

A

Only in thoracic and and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

32
Q

What kind of cell bodies do the lateral gray horns hold?

A

LGH contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons that convey action potentials to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

33
Q

How is white matter subdivided?

A

Into 3 areas called columns
Dorsal
Ventral
Lateral

34
Q

How does the spinal cord maintain homeostasis?

A

Two principal functions
Action potential propagation and integration of information

35
Q

What are the highways of the spinal cord?

A

White matter

36
Q

Which matter receives and integrates

A

incoming and outgoing information

MDSC404 Neurophysiology (14 decks)

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