Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross II > Visceral Nervous System > Flashcards

Visceral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types groups of neurons in the viseral nervous system

A

visceral afferent

visceral efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of neuron is a visceral afferent

A

sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the visceral afferent neurons carry information from and where does it go

A

Information is carried viscera to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of sensory information does the visceral afferent neurons carry

A

Pain, Stretch/Distension
Chemo
Baro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True/False: information from the visceral structures is specifically localized

A

False- the information is poorly localized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of neuron makes up the visceral efferents

A

Motor (visceromotor) neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is information carried to, and where does the information come from with visceral efferent neurons

A

Carry information to the viscera, specifically the visceral effector cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some locations of visceral effector cells that a visceral efferent neuron might act on

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
gland cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What forms the Autonomic Nervous System

A

The visceral efferent neurons acting on visceral effector cells
It is morphologically and physiologically distinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True/False: The ANS operates completely independent of direct voluntary control

A

False: some aspects can come under voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the ANS a motor or sensory control system

A

Motor-controls the actions of visceral structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of a Somatic Efferent neuron

A

There is only one neuron between the CNS and the effector cell
The neuron soma is always in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of a visceral motor efferent neuron

A

There are TWO neurons between the CNS and the effector cell
1: preganglionic autonomic neuron
2: postganglionic autonomic neuron
Only the preganlionic soma is in the CNS, the postganglionic is in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True/False: There is a physiological and morphological distinction between the divisions of the ANS

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the sympathetic division of the ANS found

A

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic division

A

Thoracolumbar division of ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the parasympathetic division found

A

Exits CNS via certain cranial nerves (3,7,9,10), and spinal nerves (S2,S3,S4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is another name for the parasympathetic division of the ANS

A

craniosacral division of the ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located

A

Lateral horn of spinal cord gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What vertebral levels are the preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located at

A

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do the preganglionic sympathetic axons exit the spinal cord

A

Ventral root/rootlets of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which structure do the preganglionic sympathetic axons enter the sympathetic chain

A

White Rami Communicantes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What vertebral levels are white rami communicantes associated with

A

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located

A

paravertebral ganglia-comprise sympathetic chain/trunk

prevertebral ganglia- fairly near the organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are paravertebral ganglia

A

A series of ganglia connected by intervening interganglionic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What structure do the paired paravertebral ganglia and interganglionic nerves form

A

The sympathetic trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where does the sympathetic trunk run

A

It extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How are the chain ganglia usually found

A

They are usually paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many cervical ganglia are often found

A

3-
superior
middle
inferior

30
Q

Where is the superior cervical ganglion usually found

A

adjacent to the C1-C2 vertebrae level

31
Q

Where is the middle cervical ganglion usually found

A

TPs of C5-C6

But it is often absent

32
Q

Where is the inferior cervical ganglion usually found

A

C7 vertebral level

33
Q

What is a common finding with the inferior cervical ganglion

A

It has often fused with the first thoracic chain ganglion to form the stellate ganglion (cervical-thoracic ganglion)

34
Q

How many thoracic chain ganglia are there

A

12

35
Q

How many lumbar chain ganglia are there

A

4

36
Q

How many sacral chain ganglia are there

A

4

37
Q

What is the Ganglion Impar

A

an unpaired ganglion found anterior to the coccyx that connects to both sympathetic chains

38
Q

True/False: Chain ganglia have postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies present as well

A

True: Both are present as the synapse will occur in the chain ganglia

39
Q

Are the postganglionic axons myelinated or unmyelinated

A

unmyelinated

40
Q

How do the postganglionic leave the sympathetic trunk

A
  • Join spinal nerves via the gray rami communicantes
  • Join the nerve plexuses that parallel arteries to the effector cells
  • Branch to individual organs
41
Q

How do sympathetics innervate the head and neck structures

A

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the chain through white rami communicantes of T1-T5 spinal nerves and terminate on postganglionic neurons of the cervical chain ganglia

42
Q

What path does the superior cervical ganglion take and what does it distribute to

A

Through C1-C3/C4 cervical spinal nerves via gray rami, to the external and internal carotid plexus through cardiac nerves and distributed to thoracic structures

43
Q

What path does the middle cervical ganglion take and what does it distribute to

A

Through C4-C6 cervical spinal nerves, via gray rami, through cardiac nerves to the thoracic organs

44
Q

What path does the inferior cervical ganglion take and what does it distribute to

A

Through the C6-C8 cervical spinal nerves via the gray rami through cardiac nerves to the thoracic organs by branches that join with ones from first thoracic ganglion to form vertebral arterial nerve plexus

45
Q

What are prevertebral ganglia

A

Ganglia that are in front of, or some distance from the vertebral column. They are found near the organs they supply and include postganglionic sympathetic neurons

46
Q

How are the axons of prevertebral ganglia primarily distributed

A

Via arterial plexuses to effector cells

47
Q

How are the postganglionic neurons innervated

A

By preganglionic sympathetic neurons that travel through splanchnic nerves to specific ganglia

48
Q

What are the functions of the sympathetic division of the ANS

A 
Vasoconstriction of arteries of skin
increased sweat gland activity
activated arrector pilli
Vasodilation of arteries of skeletal muscle
Dilated pupils
Increase heart rate
Increase arterial blood pressure
49
Q

How many neuronal pathways are in the parasympathetic

A

2:
Preganglionic parasympathetic
Postganglionic parasympathetic

50
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons found

A

CNS
Brain: neurons exit via CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10
Spinal Cord: Exit via spinal nerves S2, S3, S4

51
Q

Are the axons of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated

A

Myelinated

52
Q

Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons usually found

A

usually very near to, or are in the wall of the organ they innervate

53
Q

What are the four paired ganglia of the postgangionic parasympathetic neurons

A
  • ciliary ganglia
  • submandibular ganglia
  • sphenopalatine ganglia
  • Otic ganglia
54
Q

Where does the ciliary ganglia receive preganglionic fibers from

A

CN3-occulomotor

55
Q

Where does the submandibular ganglia receive preganglionic fibers from

A

CN 7- facial

56
Q

Where does the sphenopalatine ganglia receive preganglionic fibers from

A

CN7- Facial

57
Q

Where does the Otic ganglia recieve preganglionic fibers from

A

CN9- glossopharyngeal

58
Q

What is the Auerbachs (myenteric) plexus

A

A postganglionic parasympathetic neuron found in the muscularis externa of the GI tract between the longitudinal and circumferential layers of smooth muscle

59
Q

Where is the meissner’s (submucosal) plexus found

A

found in the submucosal layer of the GI tract

60
Q

Where do the preganglionic fibers of the intramural ganglia originate from

A

CN10 and spinal nerves S2,S3,S4

61
Q

What are the general functions of the parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • decrease heart rate
  • decrease arterial blood pressure
  • increase secretions of glands of digestion
  • increase peristalsis of the gut
  • cause constriction of the pupils
62
Q

What is the visceral afferent division of nervous system

A

sensory division of the visceral nervous system

—>not part of the ANS

63
Q

How many cells provide sensory innervation of visceral structures

A

A single cell

64
Q

Where are the cell bodies located for the visceral afferent system

A 
ganglia of cranial nerves
CN9
CN10
Dorsal Root Ganglia
T1-L2
S2-S4
65
Q

True/False: Neuronal processes almost always parallel autonomic neuronal processes

A

True

66
Q

What are the functional types of Visceral afferent fibers

A

physiological afferents

pain afferents

67
Q

What are the types of physiological afferents

A

chemoreception
baroreception
stretch

68
Q

Which structures do the physiological visceral afferents parallel

A

usually parallels parasympathetics

69
Q

Where do the physiological visceral afferents usually enter the CNS

A

CN9, S2,S3,S4

70
Q

What does the pain visceral afferent usually parallel

A

sympathetic nervous system

71
Q

Where do the pain visceral afferents usually enter the CNS

A

spinal nerves T1-L2

72
Q

Which somatic tissues is pain usually referred to when there is visceral pain

A

Referred to tissues innervated by T1-L2

Gross II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions