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Gross II > Visceral Nervous System > Flashcards

Visceral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types groups of neurons in the viseral nervous system

A

visceral afferent

visceral efferent

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2
Q

What type of neuron is a visceral afferent

A

sensory neuron

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3
Q

Where does the visceral afferent neurons carry information from and where does it go

A

Information is carried viscera to the CNS

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4
Q

What types of sensory information does the visceral afferent neurons carry

A

Pain, Stretch/Distension
Chemo
Baro

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5
Q

True/False: information from the visceral structures is specifically localized

A

False- the information is poorly localized

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6
Q

What type of neuron makes up the visceral efferents

A

Motor (visceromotor) neurons

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7
Q

Where is information carried to, and where does the information come from with visceral efferent neurons

A

Carry information to the viscera, specifically the visceral effector cells

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8
Q

What are some locations of visceral effector cells that a visceral efferent neuron might act on

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
gland cells

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9
Q

What forms the Autonomic Nervous System

A

The visceral efferent neurons acting on visceral effector cells
It is morphologically and physiologically distinct

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10
Q

True/False: The ANS operates completely independent of direct voluntary control

A

False: some aspects can come under voluntary control

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11
Q

Is the ANS a motor or sensory control system

A

Motor-controls the actions of visceral structures

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a Somatic Efferent neuron

A

There is only one neuron between the CNS and the effector cell
The neuron soma is always in the CNS

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a visceral motor efferent neuron

A

There are TWO neurons between the CNS and the effector cell
1: preganglionic autonomic neuron
2: postganglionic autonomic neuron
Only the preganlionic soma is in the CNS, the postganglionic is in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS

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14
Q

True/False: There is a physiological and morphological distinction between the divisions of the ANS

A

True

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15
Q

Where is the sympathetic division of the ANS found

A

T1-L2

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16
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic division

A

Thoracolumbar division of ANS

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17
Q

Where is the parasympathetic division found

A

Exits CNS via certain cranial nerves (3,7,9,10), and spinal nerves (S2,S3,S4)

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18
Q

What is another name for the parasympathetic division of the ANS

A

craniosacral division of the ANS

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19
Q

Where are preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located

A

Lateral horn of spinal cord gray matter

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20
Q

What vertebral levels are the preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located at

A

T1-L2

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21
Q

Where do the preganglionic sympathetic axons exit the spinal cord

A

Ventral root/rootlets of spinal cord

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22
Q

Which structure do the preganglionic sympathetic axons enter the sympathetic chain

A

White Rami Communicantes

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23
Q

What vertebral levels are white rami communicantes associated with

A

T1-L2

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24
Q

Where are postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located

A

paravertebral ganglia-comprise sympathetic chain/trunk

prevertebral ganglia- fairly near the organs

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25
What are paravertebral ganglia
A series of ganglia connected by intervening interganglionic nerves
26
What structure do the paired paravertebral ganglia and interganglionic nerves form
The sympathetic trunk
27
Where does the sympathetic trunk run
It extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx
28
How are the chain ganglia usually found
They are usually paired
29
How many cervical ganglia are often found
3- superior middle inferior
30
Where is the superior cervical ganglion usually found
adjacent to the C1-C2 vertebrae level
31
Where is the middle cervical ganglion usually found
TPs of C5-C6 | But it is often absent
32
Where is the inferior cervical ganglion usually found
C7 vertebral level
33
What is a common finding with the inferior cervical ganglion
It has often fused with the first thoracic chain ganglion to form the stellate ganglion (cervical-thoracic ganglion)
34
How many thoracic chain ganglia are there
12
35
How many lumbar chain ganglia are there
4
36
How many sacral chain ganglia are there
4
37
What is the Ganglion Impar
an unpaired ganglion found anterior to the coccyx that connects to both sympathetic chains
38
True/False: Chain ganglia have postganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies present as well
True: Both are present as the synapse will occur in the chain ganglia
39
Are the postganglionic axons myelinated or unmyelinated
unmyelinated
40
How do the postganglionic leave the sympathetic trunk
- Join spinal nerves via the gray rami communicantes - Join the nerve plexuses that parallel arteries to the effector cells - Branch to individual organs
41
How do sympathetics innervate the head and neck structures
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the chain through white rami communicantes of T1-T5 spinal nerves and terminate on postganglionic neurons of the cervical chain ganglia
42
What path does the superior cervical ganglion take and what does it distribute to
Through C1-C3/C4 cervical spinal nerves via gray rami, to the external and internal carotid plexus through cardiac nerves and distributed to thoracic structures
43
What path does the middle cervical ganglion take and what does it distribute to
Through C4-C6 cervical spinal nerves, via gray rami, through cardiac nerves to the thoracic organs
44
What path does the inferior cervical ganglion take and what does it distribute to
Through the C6-C8 cervical spinal nerves via the gray rami through cardiac nerves to the thoracic organs by branches that join with ones from first thoracic ganglion to form vertebral arterial nerve plexus
45
What are prevertebral ganglia
Ganglia that are in front of, or some distance from the vertebral column. They are found near the organs they supply and include postganglionic sympathetic neurons
46
How are the axons of prevertebral ganglia primarily distributed
Via arterial plexuses to effector cells
47
How are the postganglionic neurons innervated
By preganglionic sympathetic neurons that travel through splanchnic nerves to specific ganglia
48
What are the functions of the sympathetic division of the ANS
``` Vasoconstriction of arteries of skin increased sweat gland activity activated arrector pilli Vasodilation of arteries of skeletal muscle Dilated pupils Increase heart rate Increase arterial blood pressure ```
49
How many neuronal pathways are in the parasympathetic
2: Preganglionic parasympathetic Postganglionic parasympathetic
50
Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons found
CNS Brain: neurons exit via CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10 Spinal Cord: Exit via spinal nerves S2, S3, S4
51
Are the axons of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated
Myelinated
52
Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons usually found
usually very near to, or are in the wall of the organ they innervate
53
What are the four paired ganglia of the postgangionic parasympathetic neurons
- ciliary ganglia - submandibular ganglia - sphenopalatine ganglia - Otic ganglia
54
Where does the ciliary ganglia receive preganglionic fibers from
CN3-occulomotor
55
Where does the submandibular ganglia receive preganglionic fibers from
CN 7- facial
56
Where does the sphenopalatine ganglia receive preganglionic fibers from
CN7- Facial
57
Where does the Otic ganglia recieve preganglionic fibers from
CN9- glossopharyngeal
58
What is the Auerbachs (myenteric) plexus
A postganglionic parasympathetic neuron found in the muscularis externa of the GI tract between the longitudinal and circumferential layers of smooth muscle
59
Where is the meissner's (submucosal) plexus found
found in the submucosal layer of the GI tract
60
Where do the preganglionic fibers of the intramural ganglia originate from
CN10 and spinal nerves S2,S3,S4
61
What are the general functions of the parasympathetic nervous system
- decrease heart rate - decrease arterial blood pressure - increase secretions of glands of digestion - increase peristalsis of the gut - cause constriction of the pupils
62
What is the visceral afferent division of nervous system
sensory division of the visceral nervous system | --->not part of the ANS
63
How many cells provide sensory innervation of visceral structures
A single cell
64
Where are the cell bodies located for the visceral afferent system
``` ganglia of cranial nerves CN9 CN10 Dorsal Root Ganglia T1-L2 S2-S4 ```
65
True/False: Neuronal processes almost always parallel autonomic neuronal processes
True
66
What are the functional types of Visceral afferent fibers
physiological afferents | pain afferents
67
What are the types of physiological afferents
chemoreception baroreception stretch
68
Which structures do the physiological visceral afferents parallel
usually parallels parasympathetics
69
Where do the physiological visceral afferents usually enter the CNS
CN9, S2,S3,S4
70
What does the pain visceral afferent usually parallel
sympathetic nervous system
71
Where do the pain visceral afferents usually enter the CNS
spinal nerves T1-L2
72
Which somatic tissues is pain usually referred to when there is visceral pain
Referred to tissues innervated by T1-L2

Gross II (13 decks)

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