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Gross II > The Orbit > Flashcards

The Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 bones that for the orbital surfaces

A 
frontal bone
sphenoid
maxilla
palatine
lacrimal
ethmoid
zygomatic
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2
Q

What is contained within the optic canal

A

CN2, and opthalmic artery

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3
Q

What bone is associated with the optic canal

A

lesser wing of the sphenoid

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4
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure

A

CN3, CN4, CN6, V1, and superior opthalmic veins

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5
Q

What bones are associated with the superior orbital fissure

A

lesser and greater wings of sphenoid

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6
Q

What are the contents of the inferior orbital fissure

A

infraorbital n,a,v

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7
Q

What are the contents of the supraorbital foramen

A

supraorbital n,a,v

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8
Q

What are the contents of the infraorbital foramen

A

infraorbital n,a,v

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9
Q

What is the infraorbital foramen continuous with

A

The infraorbital groove

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10
Q

What is contained within the ethmoidal foramina

A

ethmoidal n,a,v

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11
Q

What is contained in the the nasolacrimal canal

A

the nasolacrimal duct

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12
Q

Which part of the orbit is the thickest

A

the lateral wall

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13
Q

What does the medial wall separate

A

the orbit from the ethmoid air cells and nasal cavity

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14
Q

What does the roof separate

A

Orbit from the anterior cranial fossa

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15
Q

What does the floor separate

A

orbit from the maxillary sinus

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16
Q

Where are the canthi located

A

edges of the palpebral fissure

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17
Q

What is another name for the lateral canthus

A

temporal canthus

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18
Q

What is another name for the medial canthus

A

nasal canthus

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19
Q

What structures are included in the medial canthus

A

Lacrimal Caruncle

Lacrimal Puncta

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20
Q

What is the lacrimal caruncle

A

fleshy prominence at the medial canthus, contains sebaceous and sweat glands

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21
Q

What is the lacrimal puncta

A

found in the lacrimal papilla, its a pinhole opening that permits draining of lacrimal fluid

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22
Q

What help to maintain the shape of the eyelids

A

Tarsal plates-found deep to skin and muscle

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23
Q

What glands are found embedded within the tarsal plates

A

Tarsal Glands (meibonnian gland)

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24
Q

What type of gland are tarsal glands

A

sebaceous-functions
lubricate the margins of eye
increase surface tension along margins

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25
What are the ciliary glands
Glands of Moll | Glands of Zeis
26
What type of gland is the gland of moll
sweat gland
27
what type of gland is the gland of zeiss
sebaceous glands
28
What is a Sty
Hordoleum- infected gland of eyelid
29
What is a chalazion
plugged gland -- cyst like
30
What are the two portions of the conjuctiva
Palpebral portion | Bulbar portion
31
What does the palpebral portion of the conjuctiva cover
the internal surface of the eyelids
32
What does the bulbar portion of the conjuctiva do
reflects onto the eyeball--continuous with the outer cornea
33
Where are the fornices and what are they
recesses of the conjuctiva, and they are where the palpebral conjuctiva meet the bulbar conjuctiva
34
Where is the lacrimal gland located
superolateral position of the anterior orbit
35
What does the lacrimal gland do
secretes serous lacrimal fluid (lacrimation) through series of ducts
36
What is the function of the lacrimal gland
``` Circulate fluid across corneal surface and inner eyelids to: moisten clean lubricate "protect" ```
37
Which part of the spinal cord do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit
T1-T5
38
What is the function of the parasympathetic fibers innervating the lacrimal gland
secretomotor-- control lacrimation
39
What nerves are associated with the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the lacrimal gland
CN7 and greater petrosal nerve
40
What ganglion is associated with postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the lacrimal gland
Sphenopalatine ganglion
41
What do the sympathetic fibers of the lacrima gland innervate
the arteries of the gland
42
Whats the function of the sympathetic fibers of the lacrimal gland
vasomotor
43
What ganglion is associated with the postganglionic sympathetic fibers of the lacrimal gland
The superior cervical ganglion
44
How does lacrimal fluid move from lacrimal gland to nasal cavity
Lacrimal Puncta Lacrimal Canaliculi Lacrimal Sac Nasolacrimal Duct
45
How does the lacrimal fluid move through the lacrimal sac
its compressed by the action of blinking pushing the fluid through
46
What are the two layers formed from the separation of the cranial dura upon entrance into the orbit
Peri Orbita | Orbiral Dura
47
What is the Peri Orbita and what are the characteristics
Periosteal layer lining the orbit that easily separates from the bones of the orbit
48
What is the orbital dura and what are the characteristics
Outer meningeal layer of the optic nerve | It follows the optic nerve to posterior eyeball where it becomes continuous with the sclera of the eyeball
49
What is the function of the orbital fat
helps maintain orientation of orbital structures | helps to form soft socket for eyeball
50
What is the Tenons Capsule (fascia bulbi)
Smooth thin membranous layer of fascia on anterior edge of the orbital fat (posterior to eyeball)
51
What is the Episcleral Space
The potential space between the sclera and tenons capsule
52
What is formed by the orbital fat, tenons capsule, and the episcleral space
The socket for the eyeball
53
True/False: | There are seven extrinsic muscles of the eyeball and 5 of those muscles move the eyeball
False: 6 move the eyeball and 1 moves the eyelid
54
What is the common tendon that all recti muscles originate from
Annulus Tendineous -- Ring like tendon located at the apex of the orbit near the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure
55
What is the action and innervation of the Lateral Rectus m
CN 6-- pure abduction of the eye
56
What is the innervation and action of the medial rectus muscle
CN3-- fairly pure adduction of eye
57
What is the innervation of the and action of the inferior rectus
CN3-- principle: depression of eye | also: adduction, lateral rotation(extorsion)
58
What is the innervation and action of the superior rectus muscle
CN3-- elevation(principle) | also: adduction, medial rotation (intorsion)
59
What is the origin of the superior oblique muscle
sphenoid above the the annulus tendineous at orbital apex
60
What is the insertion of the superior oblique muscle
passes through trochlea and inserts onto sclera superolaterally
61
What is the trochlea
fibrocartilaginous loop of tissue located on anterosuperomedial aspect of the orbit
62
What is the innervation and action of the superior oblique muscle
CN4-- depression (principle) | also: abduction, medial rotation (intorsion)
63
What is the origin of the inferior oblique muscle
floor of the orbit at the anteromedial aspect
64
Where does the inferior oblique muscle insert
lateral and posterior aspect of the eyeball
65
What are actions of the inferior oblique muscle
elevation (principle) | also: abduction, lateral rotation (extorsion)
66
Why are the medial and lateral recti muscles so important
They produce relatively pure movement, and therefore if paralyzed they would greatly hinder that particular movements
67
Will paralysis of muscles other than lateral and medial recti be noticeable
no since none of them produce a unique movement
68
What are the two types of coordinated movements of the eyes
conjugate: parallel vergence: divergence, and convergence
69
What is the insertion of the levator palpebral superioris
superior tarsal plate/superior palpebrae
70
What is the innervation and action of levator palpebra superioris
CN3-- elevate the superior eyelid
71
What is the condition when the levator palpebra superioris is paralyzed
Ptosis of the eyelid-- droopy eyelid
72
What are the accessory muscles of the orbit
Tarsal muscles (superior and inferior)
73
What type of muscle are the tarsal muscles
smooth muscle
74
What is the innervation and action of the tarsal muscles
postganglionic sympathetic fibers-- assist in elevating the superior palpebrum and depressing the inferior palpebrum
75
What is opthalmic artery a branch of
the internal carotid
76
Where does the opthalmic artery enter the orbit
through the optic canal travels along medial wall of orbit
77
What are the 7 branches of the opthalmic artery
``` Central Artery Lacrimal Artery Posterior Ciliary Artery Anterior ciliary a supraorbital a ethmoidal a supratrochlear a ```
78
What is supplied by the central artery
inner retina
79
What is supplied by the lacrimal artery
elements of lateral orbit lacrimal glands lateral eyelids some skin of lateral orbit
80
What is supplied by the posterior ciliary artery
posterior aspect of eyeball
81
What is the supplied by the anterior ciliary artery
anterior aspect of the eyeball
82
What does the supraorbital artery pass through
supraorbital foramen
83
What is supplied by the supraorbital artery
elements of the superior orbit | cutaneous elements of the upper eyelid and the skin of forehead
84
What is supplied by the ethmoidal arteries
ethmoid air cells frontal sinus part of nasal cavity
85
What is the terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery
Supratrochlear artery
86
What is supplied by the supratrochlear artery
top bridge of nose and medial forehead
87
What two branches of the ophthalmic artery supply blood to capillary plexus in choroid layer of eyeball
posterior and anterior ciliary arteries
88
Where does superior ophthalmic vein drain to
through orbit into the cavernous sinus
89
Where does the inferior ophthalmic vein receive blood from
inferior elements of the orbit-- drains into the cavernous sinus
90
Where do the central veins receive blood from and where do they drain to
from the inner retina and drain into ophtalmic veins or directly into cavernous sinus
91
Where do the vortex veins receive blood from and where do they drain to
from the outer layers of the eyeball drain into ophthalmic vv.
92
Is the ophthalmic nerve sensroy or motor fibers
sensory only
93
What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve
frontal n lacrimal n nasociliary n
94
Which branch is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve
frontal n
95
What are the 2 branches of the frontal nerve
supratrochlear n | supraorbital n
96
What does the supraorbital nerve innervate
tissue of forehead help upper eyelid help conjuctiva
97
What does the supratrochlear nerve innervate
helps upper eyelid | helps conjuctiva
98
What are the branches off the nasociliary nerve
``` long ciliary nerves ethmoidal nerves infratrochlear nerves nasociliary communicating rami Hitchhikers ```
99
What is innervated by the long ciliary nerves
sensory to the eyeball including the cornea and iris
100
What is innervated by the ethmoidal nerves
ethmoid air cells frontal sinus PART of the nasal cavity
101
What is innervated by the infratrochlear nerve
sensory to: skin of medial canthus of the eye topmost bridge of the nose
102
What does the nasociliary communicating rami communicate with
Ciliary Ganglion
103
What are usually hitchhiking the nasociliary nerves
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from internal carotid nerve plexus
104
What does the lacrimal nerve provide sensory to
conjuctiva upper eyelid superior lateral orbit lacrimal gland
105
Where do the lacrimal n hitchhikers originate from
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers that originate from the sphenopalatine ganglion
106
What type of innervation do the lacrimal n hitchhikers provide
secretomotor to the lacrimal gland
107
Where are the ciliary ganglion located
near the apex of the orbit between the lateral rectus m. and the optic n.
108
How is the ciliary ganglion connected to the back of the eye
short ciliary nerves
109
What is the ciliary ganglion made up of
postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
110
What is innervated by the ciliary ganglion
constrictor pupillae m. | ciliary m.
111
What are the 2 elements of the outer tunic
sclera | cornea
112
What is the sclera continuous with
posteriorly: orbital dura anteriorly: cornea at the limbus
113
How many layers make up the cornea
3 anterior, middle, inner
114
T/F: The outer tunic is well vascularized
False Sclera: poorly vascularized Cornea: largely avascular
115
What are the 3 layers of the middle tunic
choroid iris ciliary body
116
What is the major characteristic of the middle tunic of the eye
highly vascularized
117
What supplies the choroid layer of the middle tunic
dense ciliary plexus supplied by ciliary arteries | vortex veins drain the plexus
118
How is the choroid innervated
Nerve plexus supplied by long and short ciliary including: V1 sensory fibers postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
119
What complex structure is found in the iris
Pupil
120
What 2 intrinsic muscles control the pupil
sphincter pupillae muscle | dilator pupillae muscle
121
What orientation are the constrictor pupillae mm found
fibers oriented concentrically
122
What innervates the sphincter pupillae muscle
preganglionic CN3 | postganglionic neurons of ciliary ganglion
123
What innervates the dilator pupillae muscle
preganglion fibers of T1 | postganglion superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain
124
What are the two major functions of the ciliary body
Secrete aqueous humor into posterior chamber of the eye | Help suspend the lens and control tension on lens
125
Where is the aqueous humor resorbed
the irido-corneal angle into sinus venous sclerae canal of schlemm
126
What are the functions of aqueous humor
refractive medium of eye nutrients and fluid to cornea and lens circulation dynamic helps to establish intraocular pressure
127
What is glaucoma
condition of interference of circulation of aqueous humor -- usually leads to increase in intraocular pressure
128
If the tension on the lens is increased what happens to the shape
the convexity is decreased
129
If the tension on the lens is decreased what happens to the shape
the convexity is increased
130
What are the 2 layers of the inner tunic
neural layer | pigmented layer
131
What is the outermost layer of the inner tunic
the pigmented layer
132
What is the function of the pigmented layer
absorb light through the neural layer | support and provide growth factors to rods and cones
133
What structures are found in the neural layer of the inner tunic
rods and cones -- the proprioceptive cells
134
What is the function of cones
color vision and high resolution
135
What is the function of rods
peripheral vision and low light vision and low resolution
136
What is the order of innervation starting with the rods/cones
bipolar cells--ganglion cells--ganglion cells converge on posterior aspect of the eyeball to form optic nerve at the optic disc-- ora serrata
137
What is the Ora Serrata
anterior serrated edge of functional retina

Gross II (13 decks)

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