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Gross II > Cranial Vault > Flashcards

Cranial Vault Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater-thick tough
Arachnoid- delicate
Pia Mater- tender, intimate to brain surface

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2
Q

When the pia and arachnoid are referred to together they might be called

A

Leptomeninges

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3
Q

The dura mater might also be referred to as

A

pachymeninges

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4
Q

How many layers does the cranial dura have

A

2
meningeal layer
periosteal layer

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5
Q

What is the meningeal layer of cranial dura continuous with

A

spinal dura

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6
Q

what is the periosteal layer of the cranial dura continuous with

A

the periosteum of the skull outside the foramen magnum and other foramina

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7
Q

Is the periosteal layer of the cranial dura more adhered to the meningeal dura or the skull bones

A

the meningeal dura, therefore it can be separated from the bone

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8
Q

What space is found between the pia and the arachnoid layers

A

subarachnoid space

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9
Q

what fills the subarachnoid space

A

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Also has cerebral vessels suspended in the subarachnoid space

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10
Q

what space is between the dura and the bones of the cranial vault

A

epidural space

only “appears in pathologies

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11
Q

what is the space between the dura and the arachnoid

A

subdural space

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12
Q

what are dural folds

A

expansions of cranial dura that help to separate certain brain areas

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13
Q

what does the falx cerebri separate

A

separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres longitudinally

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14
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach to

A

anteriorly: crista galli
posteriorly: tentorium cerebelli

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15
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate

A

the occipital lobes of the cerebrum and cerebellum

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16
Q

What does the falx cerebelli separate

A

partially separates the two cerebellar hemispheres

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17
Q

what is the diaphrama sella

A

the dural fold partially covering the hypophyseal fossa and pituitary gland

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18
Q

what is histologically significant about the dural venous sinuses

A

They have no muscles and no valves

They are still lined by endothelium

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19
Q

How do the cerebral veins get to the dural sinuses

A

penetrate the arachnoid, puncture through the dura

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20
Q

Where is the Superior Sagittal sinus found

A

Always in the superior margin of the falx cerebri

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21
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain to

A

posteriorly to the confluence of sinuses

22
Q

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus found

A

along the inferior margin of the falx cerebri

23
Q

where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain

A

into the straight sinus with the great cerebral vein of galen

24
Q

Where is the straight sinus found

A

lies along the junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

25
Q

Where does the occipital sinus drain to

A

to confluence of sinuses

26
Q

Where is the confluence of sinuses located

A

just inferior to the internal occipital protuberance

27
Q

which dural sinuses converge on the confluence of sinuses

A

superior sagittal
straight
occipital

28
Q

What drains into the transverse sinus and where does the transverse sinus drain to

A

confluence drains into transverse

transverse drains into sigmoid sinus of respective side

29
Q

What becomes the internal jugular vein

A

the sigmoid sinus

30
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus located

A

each side of the sphenoid

31
Q

What does the cavernous sinus receive drainage from

A

pituitary and also the orbit

32
Q

What structures are associated with the cavernous sinuses

A

superior petrosal sinuses

inferior petrosal sinuses

33
Q

Where does the superior petrosal sinus drain to

A

transverse sinus

34
Q

Where does the inferior petrosal sinus drain to

A

sigmoid sinus

35
Q

What is the anterior meningeal artery formed by

A

branches of the internal carotid arteries

36
Q

What is the largest meningeal artery

A

the middle meningeal artery

37
Q

What forms the middle meningeal artery

A

branch of the maxillary

38
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull

A

Foramen spinosum

39
Q

What forms the posterior meningeal artery

A

branches of the vertebral and occipital arteries

40
Q

Where does most of the blood from the meningeal arteries go to

A

bones of the cranium

41
Q

Is the dura vascularized

A

relatively avascular since its made of dense regular CT

42
Q

What is the clinical significance of a basilar skull fracture

A

can damage the meningeal arteries which may lead to blood leaking and becoming an epidural hematoma

43
Q

How do subdural hematomas usually occur

A

result from damage to the cerebral vein at the junction where veins pass through the subdural space. Caused by acceleration/decelleration injuries

44
Q

What are diploic veins

A

veins within the medullary cavity of the cranial bones

45
Q

Where do the diploic drain to

A

Drain into the superficial veins of the scalp and/or dural venous sinuses

46
Q

What are emissary veins

A

veins that directly connect dural venous sinuses and veins that are outside of the skull

47
Q

What do the meningeal nerves innervate

A

Dura
Dural vessels (venous sinuses; meningeal arterties)
Cerebral arteries

48
Q

What innervates the dura of the anterior and middle cranial fossae

A

meningeal branches of the CN5 (trigeminal)

49
Q

What innervates the dura of the posterior fossa

A

CN10- Vagus

Upper 3 cervical spinal nerves

50
Q

How do the upper 3 cervical spinal nerves innervate the posterior fossa dura

A

Probably hitchhike with CN7

51
Q

What is the functional role of the meningeal nerves

A

Pain fibers

Gross II (13 decks)

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