Vertebral Canal

Question 1

Where does the thecal sac attach to

Answer 1

Rim of Foramen magnum
Bodies of C2-3
Hoffmans ligaments
Dural sleeves along spinal nerves
Filum Dura

Question 2

What are Hoffmans ligaments

Answer 2

ligamentous slips along the length of the sac that attach the dura to PLL from C7-L5

Question 3

What are dural sleeves continuous with

Answer 3

continuos with epinurium of spinal nerves through IVFs

Question 4

Where does the thecal sac taper and end at

Answer 4

S2 vertebral segment

Question 5

What is the Filum Dura

Answer 5

dural coccygeal ligament that extends from bottom of thecal sac through sacral canal and attaches to coccyx

Question 6

What is the epidural space

Answer 6

space between thecal sac and borders of vertebral canal
contains loose CT adipose and vessels
important when performing epidural anesthesia

Question 7

What is the spinal arachnoid continuous with

Answer 7

perineurium of spinal nerves

Question 8

Where does the spinal arachnoid end

Answer 8

S2 vertebral segment

Question 9

What is the Spinal Pia

Answer 9

Layer that intimately follows the spinal cord surface and extends along the rootlets of spinal nerves to the IVFs

Question 10

What anchors the spinal cord along its length

Answer 10

Denticulate ligaments

Filum Terminale

Question 11

What are denticulate ligaments

Answer 11

extend from lateral surface of spinal cord and attach to thecal sac
Have serrated edge appearance

Question 12

What is the Filum terminale

Answer 12

filament like ligament of pia that extends from bottom of spinal cord to the bottom of thecal sac

Question 13

What is the lumbar cistern

Answer 13

portion of subarachnoid space inferior to he conus medullaris

Question 14

What is the lumbar cistern filled with

Answer 14

CSF

Question 15

Where does the lumbar cistern extend from

Answer 15

L1/2- S2 vertebral level

Question 16

What does the lumbar cistern contain

Answer 16

the cauda equina

Question 17

What secretes the CSF

Answer 17

The Choroid Plexus in the brain ventricular system

Question 18

Which space is the CSF circulated through

Answer 18

Subarachnoid space - around the brain and spinal cord

Question 19

How does the CSF circulate

Answer 19

Mainly from movements of the spinal column

Also from continued CSF secretion and resorption and pulsating arteries in subarachnoid space

Question 20

How often is the CSF replaced

Answer 20

3-4 times daily, always ~150mL in system

Question 21

What is present for CSF resorption

Answer 21

Arachnoid villi

Question 22

What are arachnoid villi

Answer 22

tufts of arachnoid that extend into the dural venous sinus system

Question 23

How do Arachnoid villi resorb CSF

Answer 23

CSF diffuses directly into the dural venous sinus and mixes with the venous blood

Question 24

Where are most arachnoid villi found

Answer 24

superior sagittal sinus

Question 25

What clinical conditions are a result of arachnoid villi

Answer 25

Arachnoid granulations-hypertrophied arachnoid villi | Fovea Granulares- pit like depressions of inner surface of cranial cavity from arachnoid granulations

Question 26

How is the vertebral column supplied with blood

Answer 26

segmental vessels

Question 27

Where does blood supply of vertebra in the thoracic region come from

Answer 27

segmental vessels from the intercostal arteries and veins

Question 28

Where does blood supply of vertebra in the lumbar region come from

Answer 28

segmental vessels from the lumbar arteries and veins

Question 29

Where does the blood supply of vertebra in the cervical region come from

Answer 29

segmental vessels that are branches of arteries and veins of the deep neck

Question 30

Where do spinal branches of segmental arteries arise from

Answer 30

Dorsal branch of the segmental arteries, enter vertebral canal via the IVF

Question 31

What do the spinal branches of segmental arteries supply

Answer 31

vertebrae and other paraspinal tissues outer part of anulus fibrosus nerve rootlets variably the spinal cord

Question 32

What are the two parts of the vertebral venous plexus

Answer 32

external vertebral plexus | internal vertebral plexus

Question 33

Where is the external vertebral plexus distributed to

Answer 33

the external part of vertebral column and deep paraspinal tissue

Question 34

Where is the internal vertebral plexus distributed to

Answer 34

within the epidural space of the vertebral canal

Question 35

How many parts does each vertebral venous plexus have

Answer 35

2 an anterior and a posterior

Question 36

Where do the vertebral venous plexus drain to

Answer 36

drain into spinal veins

Question 37

What are basivertebral veins

Answer 37

veins within the vertebral body that drain blood into the internal and external vertebral plexuses (can create large holes in the vertebra)

Question 38

What is the clinical significance of the venous anastomoses

Answer 38

veins of the plexus lack valves, therefore connections with all levels of the body

Question 39

How is the ventral compartment tissue innervated

Answer 39

branches of gray rami communicantes of the sympathetic chain | branches of ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 40

What doe the ventral compartment innervations supply

Answer 40

``` anterior and lateral parts of spine: ALL out anulus fibrosus of IVDs periosteum of vertebral bodies vertebral bodies ```

Question 41

What is another name for the recurrent meningeal nerve

Answer 41

sinu vertebral nerve

Question 42

What is the recurrent meningeal nerve formed from

Answer 42

somatic root: ventral ramus of spinal nerve | autonomic root: from gray rami communicantes

Question 43

What does the recuurent meningeal nerve innervate

Answer 43

posterior part of anulus fibrosus of IVD periosteum of posterior vertebral bodies vertebral bodies PLL ventral part of thecal sac and dural sleeves

Question 44

How many branches of the dorsal primary rami innervate the dorsal compartment tissue

Answer 44

3 lateral, intermediate, and medial

Question 45

What does the lateral branch of the dorsal compartment innervate

Answer 45

skin of lateral back | iliocostalis

Question 46

What does the intermediate branch of the dorsal compartment innervate

Answer 46

no cutaneous | longissimus

Question 47

What does the medial branch of the dorsal compartment innervate

Answer 47

``` skin of midline back medial group of muscles in back supraspinous ligament interspinous ligiament zygopophyseal joints ```