Vertebral Canal Flashcards
Where does the thecal sac attach to
Rim of Foramen magnum Bodies of C2-3 Hoffmans ligaments Dural sleeves along spinal nerves Filum Dura
What are Hoffmans ligaments
ligamentous slips along the length of the sac that attach the dura to PLL from C7-L5
What are dural sleeves continuous with
continuos with epinurium of spinal nerves through IVFs
Where does the thecal sac taper and end at
S2 vertebral segment
What is the Filum Dura
dural coccygeal ligament that extends from bottom of thecal sac through sacral canal and attaches to coccyx
What is the epidural space
space between thecal sac and borders of vertebral canal
contains loose CT adipose and vessels
important when performing epidural anesthesia
What is the spinal arachnoid continuous with
perineurium of spinal nerves
Where does the spinal arachnoid end
S2 vertebral segment
What is the Spinal Pia
Layer that intimately follows the spinal cord surface and extends along the rootlets of spinal nerves to the IVFs
What anchors the spinal cord along its length
Denticulate ligaments
Filum Terminale
What are denticulate ligaments
extend from lateral surface of spinal cord and attach to thecal sac
Have serrated edge appearance
What is the Filum terminale
filament like ligament of pia that extends from bottom of spinal cord to the bottom of thecal sac
What is the lumbar cistern
portion of subarachnoid space inferior to he conus medullaris
What is the lumbar cistern filled with
CSF
Where does the lumbar cistern extend from
L1/2- S2 vertebral level
What does the lumbar cistern contain
the cauda equina
What secretes the CSF
The Choroid Plexus in the brain ventricular system
Which space is the CSF circulated through
Subarachnoid space - around the brain and spinal cord
How does the CSF circulate
Mainly from movements of the spinal column
Also from continued CSF secretion and resorption and pulsating arteries in subarachnoid space
How often is the CSF replaced
3-4 times daily, always ~150mL in system
What is present for CSF resorption
Arachnoid villi
What are arachnoid villi
tufts of arachnoid that extend into the dural venous sinus system
How do Arachnoid villi resorb CSF
CSF diffuses directly into the dural venous sinus and mixes with the venous blood
Where are most arachnoid villi found
superior sagittal sinus
What clinical conditions are a result of arachnoid villi
Arachnoid granulations-hypertrophied arachnoid villi
Fovea Granulares- pit like depressions of inner surface of cranial cavity from arachnoid granulations
How is the vertebral column supplied with blood
segmental vessels
Where does blood supply of vertebra in the thoracic region come from
segmental vessels from the intercostal arteries and veins
Where does blood supply of vertebra in the lumbar region come from
segmental vessels from the lumbar arteries and veins
Where does the blood supply of vertebra in the cervical region come from
segmental vessels that are branches of arteries and veins of the deep neck
Where do spinal branches of segmental arteries arise from
Dorsal branch of the segmental arteries, enter vertebral canal via the IVF
What do the spinal branches of segmental arteries supply
vertebrae and other paraspinal tissues
outer part of anulus fibrosus
nerve rootlets
variably the spinal cord
What are the two parts of the vertebral venous plexus
external vertebral plexus
internal vertebral plexus
Where is the external vertebral plexus distributed to
the external part of vertebral column and deep paraspinal tissue
Where is the internal vertebral plexus distributed to
within the epidural space of the vertebral canal
How many parts does each vertebral venous plexus have
2 an anterior and a posterior
Where do the vertebral venous plexus drain to
drain into spinal veins
What are basivertebral veins
veins within the vertebral body that drain blood into the internal and external vertebral plexuses
(can create large holes in the vertebra)
What is the clinical significance of the venous anastomoses
veins of the plexus lack valves, therefore connections with all levels of the body
How is the ventral compartment tissue innervated
branches of gray rami communicantes of the sympathetic chain
branches of ventral rami of spinal nerves
What doe the ventral compartment innervations supply
anterior and lateral parts of spine: ALL out anulus fibrosus of IVDs periosteum of vertebral bodies vertebral bodies
What is another name for the recurrent meningeal nerve
sinu vertebral nerve
What is the recurrent meningeal nerve formed from
somatic root: ventral ramus of spinal nerve
autonomic root: from gray rami communicantes
What does the recuurent meningeal nerve innervate
posterior part of anulus fibrosus of IVD
periosteum of posterior vertebral bodies
vertebral bodies
PLL
ventral part of thecal sac and dural sleeves
How many branches of the dorsal primary rami innervate the dorsal compartment tissue
3 lateral, intermediate, and medial
What does the lateral branch of the dorsal compartment innervate
skin of lateral back
iliocostalis
What does the intermediate branch of the dorsal compartment innervate
no cutaneous
longissimus
What does the medial branch of the dorsal compartment innervate
skin of midline back medial group of muscles in back supraspinous ligament interspinous ligiament zygopophyseal joints
