Vertebral Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the thecal sac attach to

A
Rim of Foramen magnum
Bodies of C2-3
Hoffmans ligaments
Dural sleeves along spinal nerves
Filum Dura
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2
Q

What are Hoffmans ligaments

A

ligamentous slips along the length of the sac that attach the dura to PLL from C7-L5

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3
Q

What are dural sleeves continuous with

A

continuos with epinurium of spinal nerves through IVFs

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4
Q

Where does the thecal sac taper and end at

A

S2 vertebral segment

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5
Q

What is the Filum Dura

A

dural coccygeal ligament that extends from bottom of thecal sac through sacral canal and attaches to coccyx

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6
Q

What is the epidural space

A

space between thecal sac and borders of vertebral canal
contains loose CT adipose and vessels
important when performing epidural anesthesia

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7
Q

What is the spinal arachnoid continuous with

A

perineurium of spinal nerves

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8
Q

Where does the spinal arachnoid end

A

S2 vertebral segment

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9
Q

What is the Spinal Pia

A

Layer that intimately follows the spinal cord surface and extends along the rootlets of spinal nerves to the IVFs

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10
Q

What anchors the spinal cord along its length

A

Denticulate ligaments

Filum Terminale

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11
Q

What are denticulate ligaments

A

extend from lateral surface of spinal cord and attach to thecal sac
Have serrated edge appearance

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12
Q

What is the Filum terminale

A

filament like ligament of pia that extends from bottom of spinal cord to the bottom of thecal sac

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13
Q

What is the lumbar cistern

A

portion of subarachnoid space inferior to he conus medullaris

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14
Q

What is the lumbar cistern filled with

A

CSF

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15
Q

Where does the lumbar cistern extend from

A

L1/2- S2 vertebral level

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16
Q

What does the lumbar cistern contain

A

the cauda equina

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17
Q

What secretes the CSF

A

The Choroid Plexus in the brain ventricular system

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18
Q

Which space is the CSF circulated through

A

Subarachnoid space - around the brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

How does the CSF circulate

A

Mainly from movements of the spinal column

Also from continued CSF secretion and resorption and pulsating arteries in subarachnoid space

20
Q

How often is the CSF replaced

A

3-4 times daily, always ~150mL in system

21
Q

What is present for CSF resorption

A

Arachnoid villi

22
Q

What are arachnoid villi

A

tufts of arachnoid that extend into the dural venous sinus system

23
Q

How do Arachnoid villi resorb CSF

A

CSF diffuses directly into the dural venous sinus and mixes with the venous blood

24
Q

Where are most arachnoid villi found

A

superior sagittal sinus

25
What clinical conditions are a result of arachnoid villi
Arachnoid granulations-hypertrophied arachnoid villi | Fovea Granulares- pit like depressions of inner surface of cranial cavity from arachnoid granulations
26
How is the vertebral column supplied with blood
segmental vessels
27
Where does blood supply of vertebra in the thoracic region come from
segmental vessels from the intercostal arteries and veins
28
Where does blood supply of vertebra in the lumbar region come from
segmental vessels from the lumbar arteries and veins
29
Where does the blood supply of vertebra in the cervical region come from
segmental vessels that are branches of arteries and veins of the deep neck
30
Where do spinal branches of segmental arteries arise from
Dorsal branch of the segmental arteries, enter vertebral canal via the IVF
31
What do the spinal branches of segmental arteries supply
vertebrae and other paraspinal tissues outer part of anulus fibrosus nerve rootlets variably the spinal cord
32
What are the two parts of the vertebral venous plexus
external vertebral plexus | internal vertebral plexus
33
Where is the external vertebral plexus distributed to
the external part of vertebral column and deep paraspinal tissue
34
Where is the internal vertebral plexus distributed to
within the epidural space of the vertebral canal
35
How many parts does each vertebral venous plexus have
2 an anterior and a posterior
36
Where do the vertebral venous plexus drain to
drain into spinal veins
37
What are basivertebral veins
veins within the vertebral body that drain blood into the internal and external vertebral plexuses (can create large holes in the vertebra)
38
What is the clinical significance of the venous anastomoses
veins of the plexus lack valves, therefore connections with all levels of the body
39
How is the ventral compartment tissue innervated
branches of gray rami communicantes of the sympathetic chain | branches of ventral rami of spinal nerves
40
What doe the ventral compartment innervations supply
``` anterior and lateral parts of spine: ALL out anulus fibrosus of IVDs periosteum of vertebral bodies vertebral bodies ```
41
What is another name for the recurrent meningeal nerve
sinu vertebral nerve
42
What is the recurrent meningeal nerve formed from
somatic root: ventral ramus of spinal nerve | autonomic root: from gray rami communicantes
43
What does the recuurent meningeal nerve innervate
posterior part of anulus fibrosus of IVD periosteum of posterior vertebral bodies vertebral bodies PLL ventral part of thecal sac and dural sleeves
44
How many branches of the dorsal primary rami innervate the dorsal compartment tissue
3 lateral, intermediate, and medial
45
What does the lateral branch of the dorsal compartment innervate
skin of lateral back | iliocostalis
46
What does the intermediate branch of the dorsal compartment innervate
no cutaneous | longissimus
47
What does the medial branch of the dorsal compartment innervate
``` skin of midline back medial group of muscles in back supraspinous ligament interspinous ligiament zygopophyseal joints ```