Visceral flukes - Clonorchis sinensis

Question 1

AKA

Answer 1

chinese/oriental liver fluke

Question 2

reservoir hosts

Answer 2

cats, dogs, tigers, foxes, mink

Question 3

1st intermediate host:

Answer 3

snail

Question 4

2nd intermediate host:

Answer 4

freshwater fishes such as carp

Question 5

Oral sucker vs acetabulum

Answer 5

oral sucker slightly larger

Question 6

Male reproductive system consists of:

Answer 6

2 large branched testes

large seminal vesicle leading to the genital pore

Question 7

Ovary is relatively ____ and ____

Answer 7

small

lobed

Question 8

Adults live in ____ of _____ and produce up to ____ eggs/day.

Answer 8

bile ducts

vertebrates

4000

Question 9

Suckers are

Answer 9

small and weakly developed

Question 10

Eggs are ______ when passed, but hatching occurs only after ____________

Answer 10

partially embryonated

ingestion by a suitable snail

Question 11

Miracidium travels to the

Answer 11

digestive gland in the snail and transforms into sporocysts in 4 hrs

Question 12

Sporocysts produce ____ in ___ weeks; each ____ produces ______

Answer 12

redia

two

redia

5-50 cercariae

Question 13

______ emerge from snail and infect ______

Answer 13

Cercariae

freshwater fish

Question 14

In the 2nd intermeidate host, each cercaria ______ & ___________

Answer 14

sheds its tail

encysts as metacercaria

Question 15

Definitive hosts (vertebrates, including humans) become infected when:

Answer 15

they eat raw or undercooked fish (incl. steamed or smoked fish)

Question 16

Juveniles excyst in the ______ & migrates _________

Answer 16

duodenum

up the common bile duct

Question 17

Adult flukes reside in ____________ and begin producing _____ in 1 month

Answer 17

small and medium sized biliary ducts

eggs

Question 18

Entire life cycle can be completed in ____ under ideal conditions

Answer 18

3 months

Question 19

Adult worms can live up to ______ in the human host

Answer 19

25 years

Question 20

Disease caused by clonorchis infection

Answer 20

Clonorchiasis

Question 21

Clonorchis __________; amount of damage is linked to ______.

Answer 21

erodes bile ducts

worm density

Question 22

Mean intensity of infection in endemic areas is ______ flukes

Answer 22

20-200

light infections, symptomless

Question 23

Presence of 1000s of adult worms results in

Answer 23

diarrhea
painful hepatomegaly
jaundice

Question 24

Unlike ______, Clonorchis does not invade ______ & does not cause extensive _______

Answer 24

Fasciola
liver tissues
liver necrosis

Question 25

Repeated infections may lead to carcinoma (cancer) of the bile ducts (adenocarcinoma)

Answer 25

carcinoma of the bile ducts (adenocarcinoma)

Question 26

Diagnosis:

Answer 26

recovery of characteristic eggs in the feces

Question 27

Treatment:

Answer 27

Praziquantel taken orally for 2 days

Question 28

Prevention/control:

Answer 28

Treatment of feces before using as a fertilizer. Complete protection is achieved simply by cooking fish. However, its difficult to get millions of people to change centuries-old eating habits

Question 29

This disease is common in countries where:

Answer 29

raw fish is considered a delicacy

Question 30

Clonorchiasis has also been reported in ______ areas (______) by consumption of ______

Answer 30

non endemic
including U.S.
imported and undercooked meat (china town SF)