Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

General Parasitology > FINAL - Larval Tapeworms > Flashcards

FINAL - Larval Tapeworms Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Extraintestinal Larval Tapeworms

A

Diphyllobothrium

Taenia solium

E. granulosus and E. multilocularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Human Sparganosis

A

is caused by plerocercoid larvae of the genus Spirometra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In human sparganosis the infective stage is:

Which are found in:

A

Procercoid

the cyclops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Human sparganosis is widespread in _____, also found in _______

A

the Orient

all other continents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spirometra is synonymous with

A

Diphyllobthrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sparganosis infection after ingestion of copepod

A

Inside the copepod’s gut, procercoids enter the gut wall of the host and migrate to various tissues, where they become large plerocercoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common route of infection of sparganosis:

Humans also become infected with sparganosis by ingesting:

A

drinking water contaminated with cyclops copepods

raw or undercooked fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, or even mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most cases of sparganosis in the Orient are caused by _____, a tapeworm of _____

A

D. erinacei

carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In N. America, the most common causative plerocercoid is that of _______, a tapeworm of ____

A

D. mansonoides

cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In Human sparganosis, Once an infected animal is eaten,

A

the spargana wander in the deep tissues and migrate to the eyes, muscles, thorax, abdomen, thighs and cause many pathological conditions

Cerebral sparganosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Some sparganosis infections of subdermal tissues can result in

A

painful “lumps” that might be misdiagnosed as cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diagnosis of sparganosis

A

Detection of the parasite in the host’s tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______ removal of the larva is the most dependable treatment in ______

A

Surgical

Sparganosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drug of choice treating sparganosis

A

Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____and ____ may accompany sparganosis infections

A

Chills and Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prevention and Control of sparganosis

A

Proper cooking of freshwater fishes or other animals prior to eating is strongly recommended

Water should be consumed after boiling or filtering

Application of animal flesh to human skin should be avoided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Human Cysticercosis caused by

A

Taenia Solium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Common sites of human cysticercosis:

A

subcutaneous connective tissues, eyes, brain, muscles, heart, liver, lungs, and coelom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Infection with cysticercosis occurs when

A

embryonated eggs pass through the stomach and hatch in the intestine

Gravid proglottid may migrate from the lower intestine to the stomach or duodenum, or it may be carried by reverse peristalsis (internal autoinfection).

Release and hatching of many eggs at the same time results in a massive infection by cysticercus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reverse peristalsis referred to as

A

Internal auto-infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Common symptoms of human cysticercosis:

A

Muscle spasms and weakness, generalized fatigue, headache, paralysis, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When a cysticercus dies, it elicits

A

a severe inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_______ of the cyst may occur after 1 year, after which time the disease may become _______.

A

Calcification

asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When cysticerci infect the brain:

A

Neurocysticercosis

Often fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dx of cysticercosis:
observing & feeling subcutaneous nodules and diagnosis confirmed by biopsy X-rays can detect cysts that are calcified CT scan determines any brain damage
26
recommended treatment for cysticerci infection
Surgery | Praziquantel or Albendazole
27
Developing cysticercus in the ____ may be mistaken for a _______, resulting in the unnecessary surgical removal of the eye
retina | malignant tumor
28
Care must be taken during treatment for adult worms to avoid causing severe ______, b/c:
Vomiting | it may induce internal auto-infection
29
Prevention of cysticercosis:
thoroughly wash salad vegetables pay attention to personal hygiene and sexual habits and environmental sanitation Drinking boiled or filtered water avoidance of salads and raw fruits and vegetables in endemic areas
30
Control of cysticercosis:
sanitary disposal of feces | inspection of pork
31
_______ is probably the most common parasitic infestation of the human nervous system
Cysticercosis
32
Tapeworm infestation can occur only in _______, but cysticercosis may also occur in _______
nonvegetarians | vegetarians
33
Tapeworm infestation occurs via consumption of ______ where as cysticercosis occurs by consumption of _____
Infected meat Eggs
34
Hydatid Disease caused by 2 spp:
Echinococcus granulosus | E. multilocularis
35
Echinococcus granulosus causes:
cystic echinococcosis in humans, with few large cysts
36
E. multilocularis causes:
alveolar echinococcosis with many small cysts, causing liver cancer
37
Defintive hosts for Echinococcus
Foxes, coyotes, dogs, cats
38
Intermediate hosts for Echinococcus
rodents, sheep, cattle, swine
39
smallest tapeworms
Echinococcus
40
Strobila contains only ____ proglottids: ____ ____ and ____
3 | immature, mature and gravid
41
Scolex of Echinococcus:
Armed rostellum with 4 suckers
42
In Echinococcus, humans are an _______ host
Accidental
43
Humans are often infected with Echinococcus as a result of:
fondling dogs, via ingesting eggs by putting contaminated fingers into the mouth, or by eating raw plants contaminated with feces from infected cats, dogs, and other carnivores
44
Echinococcus life cycle
Eggs consumed by humans or intermediate host Hatch into oncosphere in SI Oncosphere penetrates intestinal wall and travels to other parts of the body becoming lodged in capillary beds of many organs where hydatid cysts begin to develop
45
Organs that are impacted by Echinococcus
liver, lung, kidney, spleen, heart, muscles, brain, bone marrow
46
Hydatid cysts contain
protoscolices
47
Infective stage in definitive host
Protoscolices
48
Infective stage in humans
Eggs
49
After _______, Protoscolices attach to _________ and develops into _____
Ingestion small intestine Adults
50
________ formation represent a _______ for the parasite
hydatid cyst’s | dead end
51
Hydatid cyst infection
If these intermediate animals are consumed, infection may occur. After consumption, cyst wall disintegrates and protoscolices are freed Protos. attach to SI and develop into adults
52
3 types of Hydatid cysts
Cystic Osseous Alveolar
53
Cystic
aka unilocular | Caused by E. granulosus
54
Osseous
Caused by E. granulosus
55
Alveolar
Caused by E. multilocularis
56
The _______ is the most common and least harmful, and the _______ is most pathogenic
unilocular cyst | alveolar cyst
57
3 layers of matured unilocular cyst:
(1) Pericyst (2) Ectocyst (3) Endocyst
58
Pericyst
Outermost layer (“host origin”) containing connective tissue and fibers
59
Ectocyst
outer, thick-layered, non-cellular wall which produces the protoscolices
60
Endocyst
inner thin layer
61
pedicel
stalk that attaches brood capsules to cyst wall
62
Brood capsules
are small sacks with in the cyst with numerous protoscolices
63
Osseous cysts are _______ but are common in the ________________
Rare | Ribs, vertebrae, and bones
64
Effect of Osseous cyst
Sometimes spongy bones are destroyed and collapse without warning
65
Alveolar cysts are found most commonly in ______ and causes ___________
the liver | Alveolar Liver Echinococcosis
66
In Alveolar liver Echinococcus symptoms:
jaundice and portal hypertension
67
sylvatic echinococcosis
Involves carnivore-herbivore relationship
68
Ample opportunities exist for human infection in situations in which:
domestic herbivores are raised with dogs
69
Dogs are infected when:
they feed on an infected butchered animal
70
Herbivores are infected when:
they eat herbage contaminated with dog feces
71
Humans are infected via:
intimate contact with dogs by accidently ingesting Echinococcus eggs
72
Human hydatidosis is _______
zoonotic
73
Echinococcus infection is common in:
NZ, AU because of sheep-dog relationship
74
_____ traditions further propagate Echinococcus by:
Kenyan Consuming under cooked roasted dog intestine Using nursing dogs- clean up feces and vomit by licking both areas Lack of burial of the dead
75
Infection in _______, where _____ are used as an ingredient of the tanning solution
tanners in Lebanon | dog feces
76
It can take up to ______ for HD symptoms to develop
20 years
77
General symptoms of HD
slowly increasing pressure in the area of the cyst, resembling a slowly developing tumor
78
Cysts in the lungs can cause:
Coughing up of blood, difficulty in breathing (dyspnea) and chest pain
79
Cysts in the brain or spinal cord:
Provoke acute inflammatory response, usually in the white matter
80
Once the cysts rupture:
Protoscolices become free, enter circulation & travel to tissues where they produce secondary Echinococcosis
81
If Hydatid cyst bursts:
anaphylactic shock can occur via host immune response to proteinaceous fluid
82
Dx HD:
Calcified hydatid cysts revealed by XR Hollow cysts revealed by CT Hooks of protoscolices may be found in the sputum Immunological tests
83
Teatment of HD
Surgical removal of cysts with MUCH caution to not burst the cyst open Mebendazole/albendazole after surgery
84
Prevention HD
contact between dogs and intermediate hosts reduced Personal hygiene regarding interaction with dogs
85
Control HD
Regular treatment of dogs with praziquantel Sanitary disposal of waste of slaughtered animals Public education

General Parasitology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions