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General Parasitology > Class Cestoda > Flashcards

Class Cestoda Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal, circulatory, and respiratory systems are usually _____

A

absent

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2
Q

Important differences between cestodes and trematodes

A

(1) Cestodes have a flat tape-like or ribbon-like body
(2) Cestode’s body is made up of hermaphroditic segments
(3) They lack mouth and digestive tract
(4) They are exclusively endoparasitic in vertebrate’s gut
(5) Their larvae infect both vertebrates and invertebrates

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3
Q

proglottids

A

hermaphroditic segments

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4
Q

the whole chain of proglottids

A

strobila

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5
Q

With direct access to food and having _______ gut was lost (evolutionary history)

A

saprozoic nutrition

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6
Q

saprozoic nutrition

A

feeding on liquid organic material

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7
Q

_____ and _____ are continuous between _____ in cestodes

A

tegument
muscles
proglottids

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8
Q

polyzoic

A

Cestodes with many proglottids

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9
Q

monozoic

A

1 set of reproductive organs

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10
Q

Apolysis

A

release of gravid proglottids from the host

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11
Q

Adult body consists of 3 distinct regions:

A

scolex, neck, and strobila

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12
Q

acetabulate scolex

A

it’s cup shaped, circular in outline and with a heavy muscular wall with 4 muscular suction cups

Hooks and rostellum are present

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13
Q

Armed scolex

A

with hooks

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14
Q

bothraite scolex

A

presence of 2, (rarely 4 or 6) longitudinally arranged, shallow grooves, with weak suction powers

Glands are present

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15
Q

Rostellum

A

small rounded projection bearing hooks on the apex of the scolex of some tapeworms

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16
Q

Neck

A

Below the scolex

zone of proliferation, containing stem cells

From this zone, new segments or proglottids differentiate

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17
Q

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel destroys integument

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18
Q

the _____ proglottids have the least developed reproductive systems, while the _______ ones are more reproductively developed

A

anterior-most

more posterior

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19
Q

Strobila is grouped into 3 regions

A

immature, mature and gravid proglottids

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20
Q

Immature proglottids

A

reproductive organs are visible but are nonfunctional

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21
Q

Mature proglottids

A

reproductive organs are fully functional

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22
Q

Gravid proglottids

A

filled with eggs or shelled embryos

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23
Q

A proglottid can _______ with itself

A

copulate

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24
Q

When proglottid reaches the end of strobila:

A

it detaches and passes out of the host intact with feces

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25
Q

Anapolysis

A

proglottids disintegrate in route, releasing the eggs

26
Q

Site of nutrient absorption

A

Tegument (no gut is present)

27
Q

Differences in tegument of cestodes vs trematodes

A

Tegument is covered by minute projections called microtriches as well as a glycocalyx

28
Q

Microthrix

A

has an apical tip that is anchored to host’s intestinal epithelium and provide resistance to the movement of the intestine

Agitate walls increasing accessibility to nutrients

29
Q

Glycocalyx

A

a layer of carbohydrate containing macromolecules, covers the entire tegument surface

Protects worm form digestive enzymes

30
Q

tegumental musculature

A

located between two cytoplasmic regions

consists of outer circular muscles and the inner longitudinal muscles

31
Q

Cytom

A

Sote for protein synthesis

32
Q

Their reproductive systems differ from trematodes in that:

A

(1) the uterus meets with a dead-end
(2) separate vaginal canal is present
(3) self fertilization may occur

33
Q

Male sperms pathway

A

Testis –> single Vas efferens –> Vas deferens –> Cirrus

34
Q

females reproductive system

A

ovary (produces ova) –> oviduct (site of fertilization) –> ootype (oviduct region)

35
Q

Ootype has structures that are involved in

A

eggshell formation

36
Q

Sperm is deposited in

A

the seminal vesicle and stored until there are eggs to be fertilized

37
Q

During copulation, ____ of one proglottid is inserted into the ____ of another proglottid, either ___________ and sperms are ejaculated

A

cirrus
vagina
the same or different worm

38
Q

hypodermic impregnation

A

cirrus is forced through the body wall

39
Q

________ is desired to insure vitality and prevent too much inbreeding

A

Cross fertilization

40
Q

The eggs unlike trematoda lack

A

an operculum

41
Q

oncosphere

A

embryonic membranes that serve as protective coverings of the embryo

42
Q

Oncosphere contains

A

6 elongated hooks

43
Q

Oncosphere enclosed by

A

inner envelope and then an embryophore

44
Q

3 egg types

A

pseudophyllidean, Dipylidium, and taenioid

45
Q

Example of pseudophyllidean

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

46
Q

Example of Dipylidium

A

Dipylidium and Hymenolepis

47
Q

Example of Taeniidae

A

Echinococcus and Taenia

48
Q

Pseudophyllidean Pattern:

A

Once the eggs containing coracidia leaves the host feces and meet water, the larvae escapes from the shell through the operculum swims using its ciliated embryophore

49
Q

1st intermediate host

A

Aquatic arthropods

50
Q

Once embryophore reaches 1st host:

A

it trasnforms into a procercoid

51
Q

2nd intermediate host

A

Fish

52
Q

When the 2nd intermediate host, a fish, ingests the infected arthropod:

A

It migrates to muscle and other tissues and transforms into a plerocercoid

53
Q

Infective stage:

A

Plerocercoid

54
Q

When the infected fish is eaten by a human:

A

it attaches to the wall of the small intestine, and strobilization begins

55
Q

2 patterns for life cycle

A

Cyclophyllidean Pattern

Pseudophyllidean Pattern

56
Q

embryo=

A

oncosphere

57
Q

Cyclophyllidean Pattern:

A

Eggs are inactive until eaten by an intermediate host

58
Q

Intermediate host

A

Crustaceans

59
Q

In crustaceans

A

eggs hatch in the gut and oncosphere employs its 6 hooks to enter hemocoel transforming into cysticercoid

60
Q

In a vertebrate intermediate host

A

after ingestion, The systemic circulation carries it to several areas of the body, where it develops into a cysticercus

61
Q

coenurus cyst

A

bladder wall develops several invaginated scolices

62
Q

hydatid cyst

A

formed as invaginations on the walls forming brood capsules

General Parasitology (19 decks)

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