Viruses Transmitted by Fecal-Oral Route Flashcards
What type of virus is adenovirus?
naked, dsDNA
Where does adenovirus replicate?
mostly replicates in GI but don’t produce GI symptoms (except 40, 41 do)
How is adenovirus spread?
- fecal/orally
- respiratory spread
Is adenovirus symptomatic?
50% asymptomatic
What adenovirus are seen in military and can cause respiratory illnesses?
adenovirus 4 and 7
- so a live adenovirus 4 and 7 vaccine is given in military
T/F: Eye infections in adenovirus are highly contagious
True!
- follicular conjunctivitis
- pink eye
- easily spread person-to-person
What type of virus is reovirus: rotavirus?
naked, dsRNA, segmented with 11 segments, icosahedral
What is rotavirus stable in?
- detergents
- stomach acid
- resistant to drying; last on surface for days
- wide range of temperatures
true for all naked viruses
How is rotavirus spread?
fecal/orally
Who does rotavirus infect?
- children under 5: severe
- adults are usually asymptomatic
What are symptoms of rotavirus?
diarrhea/vomiting
(severe gastroenteritis)
T/F: Rotavirus has a long incubation
False!
it’s a local infection and incubation is 1 to 3 days)
What type of vaccine is used for rotavirus?
- live attenuate viral vaccine for childhood immunizations
- rotateq: 5 strains reasserted with bovine strain
What type of virus is calicivirdae: norovirus?
naked, +ssRNA, icosahedral
T/F: Norovirus is very infectious.
True!
- 10 particles can cause infection
- estimated to have 5 norovirus infections in a lifetime
Who does norovirus infect?
infects and can cause disease in all ages
What is the vaccine for norovirus?
None
What is the incubation time for norovrius?
- short because local infection
- 24-48 hours
Which is the worst virus in regards to dehydration in kids?
rotovirus out of all the other gastroenteritis viruses
19 year old had gastroenteritis a month Geoff entering basic training and then had a bad respiratory infection. What are the 2 most likely viruses causing 1st/2nd infection?
- 1st: norovirus (because gastroenteritis in adult)
- 2nd: adenovirus (because bad respiratory infection)
What is the Picornavirus family? PERCH with 2 E’s
- polio
- entero
- echo
- rhino
- coxsackie
- HAV
icosahedral, naked, +ssRNA
What type of virus is picornavirus?
+ssRNA, naked, icosahedral, small (20-30nM)
What is the pathway of the enterovirus infections of piconorvarius?
- replicate in respiratory tract and GI tract
- enter blood and go to target organs
- IgG in blood can prevent virus from entering the blood and from going to target organs to prevent the severe consequences- can only happen if you have IgG antibodies against the virus
What is the seasonality of Picornarvirus?
summer/early fall
T/F: infants used to be routinely infected with polio but had the maternal antibodies protected them from spread of virus and led to lifelong immunity
True!
- Now that we have better hygiene though, there are fewer infections and maternal antibodies so child/adult can be exposed to polio with no protection
How common are patient asymptomatic with polio?
75-90%
What are the extreme symptomatic cases involved in Polio?
- ~1 paralytic poliomyelitis
- traveled through motor neurons to anterior horn and killed the cells there giving limb paralysis
- although uncommon, 3,000 deaths occurred from this in the ’50s
What are the 2 vaccines for polio?
- Salk/inactivated polio vaccine: prevent polio and can not get polio with this vaccine. BUT can not prevent wild type polio. For IgG response
- Sabin/Oral attenuated virus polio vaccine: prevent polio completely BUT has a chance of getting polio from this vaccine. For IgG and mucosal IgA. excreted in feces
T/F: There are more cases of vaccine induced polio than with wild-type
True!
- due to population not having full vaccine coverage and the attenuated strain replicates in the population
Which polio vaccine would be shed in the stool and potentially spread to other people (Salk vs Sabin)?
Sabin (oral polio vaccine) because it’s a live attenuated vaccine that replicates in the gut and is excreted
What is the #1 cause of viral meningitis?
enteroviruses
- echovirus, enterovirus, coxsackievirus A, coxsackievirus B can also cause meningitis
What is cause of hand, foot, mouth disease AND herpangina?
coxsackievirus A
What is the cause of Myocarditis/pericarditis?
coxsackievirus B
- starts as a respiratory infection
What is the usual cause of generalized infection of infants?
- If the mother has an enter viral infection during the last week of pregnancy OR if newborn gets an enteroviral infection shortly after birth
- this virus can spread to multiple organs with a high mortality rate
What is a key characteristic of rhinovirus?
- rhinovirus is a pico virus but can NOT be transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
- And low pHs inactivate the virus
What is the #1 cause of the common cold?
rhinovirus
T/F: Enterovirus can also cause respiratory infections
True!
