Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Test 4: Virology > Rabies and Other Zoonotic Viruses > Flashcards

Rabies and Other Zoonotic Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is rabies?

A
  • family: rhabdovirus
  • -ssRNA
  • helical
  • enveloped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A
  • saliva in bite or scratch of an infected mammal (also if in contact with neuronal matter)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: Rabies cross species easily

A

True!
- different mammals have different strains of rabies virus but they easily cross species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the fatality of rabies?

A
  • 100% fatal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the primary carriers of rabies in the US?

A
  • raccoons, bats, skunks and some feral house cats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long is the incubation time for rabies?

A
  • depends where it was bitten: the further the virus needs to travel in PNS, the longer the incubation time
  • once it reaches the DRG, the faster it can move
    incubation time: 20-90 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What to do for post exposure prophylaxis of rabies?

A
  • wash wound for 15 min with soap and water and with dilute iodine solution
  • go to the doctor
  • post exposure prophylaxis: human rabies immunoglobulin is injected into bite and intramuscularly
  • rabies vaccine is given at a different site than the rabies immunoglobulin
  • vaccine is repeated on ays 3, 7, and 14
    close to 100% effective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What to do for post exposure prophylaxis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is post-exposure prophylaxis important to prevent virus from transferring to nerves?

A
  • once the virus is nerve, it is hidden from immune system and can travel to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the rabies vaccine?

A
  • killed virus vaccine
  • given to vets, people working in wild animal preserves, cavers (due to bats)
  • if these people are bitten, they don’t need the human rabies immunoglobulin, but they still need to wash the wound and get re-vaccinated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of virus is the hantavirus?

A
  • family: bunyavirus
  • –ssRNA
  • segmented
  • helical
  • enveloped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is hantavirus transmitted?

A
  • virus is excreted in rodent’s urine, feces, and saliva
  • most transmission events occur by being in areas where there are rodent dropping and breathing in these droppings, touching face with contaminated hands, or a bite from an infected rodent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should you do when cleaning rodent droppings?

A
  • wet them down with disinfectant and use gloves to clean up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Hantavirus doesn’t cause disease in their rodent hosts

A

True!
- the rodent sheds virus sporadically throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

A
  • acute respiratory distress, causing rapid fatal edema of lungs
  • high fatality rate (60-70%)
  • some can also cause hemorrhagic fever with renal disease too
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of virus is arenavirus?

A
  • -ssRNA
  • segmented
  • helical
  • enveloped
17
Q

What can Arenavirus cause?

A
  • lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
  • lassa virus
18
Q

What is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus?

A
  • found in some house mice
  • can cause meningitis
  • can cause miscarriages or severe congenital disabilities if infected while pregnant
  • transmitted from mouse using and droppings, or bites and saliva
19
Q

Exposure to which animal causes most rabies cases in the US and the world?

A

US: bats
world: dogs

20
Q

What is Lassa virus?

A
  • rat found in Africa spreads Lassa fever
  • most people have mild illness or are asymptomatic
  • if severe, high fatality
  • common is hearing loss
21
Q

What type of virus is Filovirus?

A
  • -ssRNA
  • helical
  • enveloped
22
Q

What are the 2 different viruses of Filovirus?

A
  • ebola
  • marburg
  • both can cause hemorrhagic fevers and both can cause outbreaks with high mortality
  • all outbreaks occur in Africa
23
Q

T/F: Ebola is infectious before symptoms

A

False!
- Ebola is NOT infectious before symptoms
- the level of infectiousness increases with illness and body is very infectious after death (only 1 to 10 virus particles required to cause infection)

24
Q

How is Ebola transmitted?

A
  • must enter mouth, eye, nose, or break in the skin
  • must have direct contact with body or fluids… NOT aerosolized
  • virus is also found in semen for at least 3 months and can cause infection through sex
25
Q

What is the fatality of Ebola?

A
  • pretty high (39% for last outbreak but can go up to 90%)
  • larger number of Ebola survivors but can have lingering problems
26
Q

T/F: There is no vaccine for Ebola

A

False!
- there is a vaccine: Zaire strain and appears to be highly effective

Test 4: Virology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions