Hep A-E Flashcards
What does each hep A-E stand for?
A- acute
B- blood borne
C- chronic
D- defective
E- enteric, expecting
* all cause liver damage*
What type of virus is Hep A?
- piconoravirus
- +ssRNA, naked
- stable in stomach acid
- mostly fecal/oral transmission
- to stop: must be heated to 185F
When does virus spread the most in HAV?
- virus shed in feces 1-2 weeks before symptoms and during symptoms (prodrome symptoms and jaundice sometimes)
What is the vaccine for HAV?
inactivated virus vaccine
T/F: post-exposure prophylaxis (vaccination within 2 weeks of exposure) in HAV can be successful
True!
- 86% effective
- can also get pooled immunoglobulin Ig (90% effective) but doesn’t last lifelong like the vaccine would
What type of virus is Hep E?
- own family hepesvirus
- +ssRNA, naked
- mostly transmitted through contaminated drinking water but also done fecal/orally
What is the mortality rate of a pregnant patient with HEV?
- 20%. worse in the 3rd trimester
- 34% fetal mortality
What is the vaccine for HEV?
no vaccine
What type of virus is Hep C?
- flavivirus
- ++ssRNA, enveloped
- NOT transmitted fecal oral but is a blood borne infection via shared needles
What are transmission routes of HCV?
- mostly shared needles
- vertical: pregnant person to baby
- sexual: rare
What is the chance of getting HCV from sharing a needle with someone who has it?
0.2%
What is causing liver damage in HCV?
- CD8+ CTL killing infected cells
How common is vertical transmission in HCV?
6% (spread from pregnant mother to child)
What is the incubation time for HCV?
- long! ~45 days
What are the 3 tx for HCV?
- viral protease: stop replication after translation of +ssRNA so protease can’t cleave polyprotein and no viral polymerase is made so no viral replication takes place
- viral polymerase: stop virus from replicating viral genome
- viral protein NS5A: interfere with genome replication and assembly/release of viral particles
NO VACCINE OR POST-EXPOSURE TX TO PREVENT INFECTION so use direct acting antivirals that can help cure by 90% but can be re-exposed
What type of virus is Hep B?
- hepadnavirus
- -ss/dsDNA, enveloped
- has a reverse transcriptase
- transmitted via blood borne
How common is a chronic infection if baby is infected with HBV at birth?
90%
- baby will get vaccine in one arm and hep B immune globulin in the other to be 85-95% effective
What are the major routes of HBV?
- IV drug use, sex, perinatal
T/F: HBV is not stable because it is enveloped.
False!
Although, it is enveloped it is very stable and can live up to 7 days on surfaces
What is vaccine for HBV?
subunit vaccine that contains only HBsAg (Hep B surface antigen) for babies and healthcare personnel
What is the tx for HBV?
- INFalpha
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors because has reverse transcriptase
- no cure for chronic HBV infections, tx is for life
What type of virus is Hep D?
- deltavirus
- negative strand circular RNA virus, enveloped
- can only infect a cell that is already infected with HBV
What are the 2 ways to get infected with HDV?
- confection: HBV and HDV at the same time. only 2% go onto chronic with HDV and HBV. can use post-exposure prophylaxis
- superinfection: already have HBV and then get HDV. 80-90% go onto chronic infection with HDV. can NOT use post-exposure prophylaxis
Can HDV be prevented by a vaccine?
Yes, but it uses HBV vaccine. Does not have it’s own vaccine