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IHO Wk 1 > Viruses--Skildum > Flashcards

Viruses--Skildum Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir is equivalent to guanosine minus _________

A

3˚ hydroxyl (and associated carbons)

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2
Q

A high Bcl-2/Bax ratio indicates a cell that has a long/short life expectancy

A

long

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3
Q

Bax =

A

AX

–> apoptotic

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4
Q

How does Bax cause apoptosis?

A

releases cyclochrome C –> caspase cascape

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5
Q

Parvovirus B19

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsid
A

Class II–(+) ssDNA
Nonenveloped
Icosahedral

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6
Q

Parvovirus tropism

A

erythroid progenisotor cells

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7
Q

Parvovirus tropism antigen

A

blood group P antigen

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8
Q

Parvovirus entry method

A

respiratory droplets

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9
Q

NS1 in parvovirus…

A

induces apoptosis

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10
Q

Erythema infectiosum is caused by

A

parvovirus

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11
Q

Erythema infectiosum is also known as

A

5th disease

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12
Q

Erythema infectiosum is also known as

A

5th disease

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13
Q

Parvo treatment

A

supportive–IVIg in immunocompromised individuals

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14
Q

This is a severe RBC problem with parvo

A

transient aplastic crisis

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15
Q

Hydrops fetalis is caused by

A

parvo

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16
Q

Dx of parvo

A

B19M antibody titer

Quantative PCR–low levels exist throughout life

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17
Q

Colorado tick fever virus

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsid
A

Class III–dsRNA
Nonenveloped
Icosahedral

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18
Q

Colorado tick fever virus tropism

A

RBCs

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19
Q

Colorado tick fever virus seasons

A

spring and summer

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20
Q

Colorado tick fever virus uses the __________ RNA strand to transcribe a __________ mRNA

A

negative, positive

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21
Q

Dx of Colorado tick fever virus

A

vRNA, IgM

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22
Q

Colorado tick fever virus Tx

A

supportive care

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23
Q

Epstein Barr virus

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsid
A

Class I–dsDNA
Enveloped
Icosahedral

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24
Q

Epstein Barr virus

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsid
A

Class I–dsDNA
Enveloped
Icosahedral

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25
Q

Epstein Barr

  • Lytic tissue
  • Latent tissue
A
  • lytic in epithelial tissue

- latent in B-cells

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26
Q

Malignancies associated with EBV

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Hodgkin’s disease
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis

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27
Q

EBV gains entry to B-cells via

A

CD21 on B-cell surface

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28
Q

EBV oncogene LMP1 is homolog of which normal cellular protein?

A

CD40–TNF

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29
Q

LMP1 activated which transcription factor?

A

epidermal growth factor receptor

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30
Q

EBV oncogene EBNA3C affects G1 –> S transition of B-cells how?

A

blocking p53 activity

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31
Q

EBV oncogene EBNA3C affects G1 –> S transition of B-cells how?

A

blocking p53 activity

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32
Q

EBV oncogene EBNA3C affects G1 –> S transition of B-cells how?

A

blocking p53 activity

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33
Q

Classic triad of EBV:

A

fever
pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy

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34
Q

Monospot for EBV detects ________ produced by ________

A

heterophile antibodies, B-cells

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35
Q

VCA-IgM present in EBV timeline indication

A

infection in last 2-3 months

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36
Q

VCA-IgM present in EBV timeline indication

A

infection in last 2-3 months

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37
Q

VCA-IgG present in EBV timeline indication

A

past exposure–no timeline

38
Q

This cell type is diagnostic for EBV infection

A

atypical lymphocytes or Downey cells

39
Q

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease presents as…

A

fever + lymphadenopathy or GI Sx

40
Q

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease molecular basis

A

SAP proteins bind to a protein that mediates B- and T-cell interactions

41
Q

CMV

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsid
A

Class I–dsDNA
enveloped
icosahedral

42
Q

CMV systemic infection tropism

A

epithelium, endothelium, sm. muscle, macrophages, neurons

43
Q

CMV latent infection tropism

A

CD34+ myeloid progenitor cells

44
Q

CMV latent infection tropism

A

CD34+ myeloid progenitor cells

45
Q

How does CMV avoid host immune response?

A

micro-RNAs interfere with MHC-I proteins, avoid presentation

46
Q

How does CMV avoid host immune response?

A

micro-RNAs interfere with MHC-I proteins, avoid presentation

47
Q

CMV mononucleosis Sx special things

A

high fevers, absent tonsular exudate and cervical lymphadenopathy

48
Q

Owl’s eyes =

A

CMV

49
Q

CMV Tx

A

supportive

50
Q

Congentical CMV Tx

A

gancyclovir

51
Q

Acyclovir doesn’t work on CMV because…

A

viral thymidine kinase is absent

52
Q

Kopasi sarcoma virus

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsid
A

Class I–dsDNA
Enveloped
icosahedral

53
Q

Kopasi sarcoma virus affects mostly patients that are

A

immunocompormised

54
Q

Kaposi sarcoma virus is tropic to

A

B-cells

55
Q

3 Tx modalities for Kaposi virus infections

A

ganciclovir: chain terminator
cidofir: vDNA-Pol inhibitor
foscarnet: vDNA-Pol inhibitor, anion pyrophosphate analogue

56
Q

3 Tx modalities for Kaposi virus infections

A

ganciclovir: chain terminator
cidofir: vDNA-Pol inhibitor
foscarnet: vDNA-Pol inhibitor, anion pyrophosphate analogue

57
Q

Ganciclovir mechanism

A

chain terminator

58
Q

Cidofir mechanism

A

vDNA-Pol inhibitor

59
Q

Foscarnet mechanism

A

vDNA-Pol inhibitor, anion pyrophosphate analogue

60
Q

Foscarnet mechanism

A

vDNA-Pol inhibitor, anion pyrophosphate analogue

61
Q

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus

  • class
  • enveloped
  • capsid
A

Class VI– (+) ssRNA w/ reverse transcriptase
Enveloped
Icosahedral

62
Q

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus tropic

A

T-cells

63
Q

HTLV-1 vs HTLV-2

A

HTLV-2 is noninfectious

64
Q

HTLV-1 vs HTLV-2

A

HTLV-2 is noninfectious

65
Q

What is the HTLV-1 receptor?

A

GLUT-1

66
Q

Acute T-cell lymphoma presentation

A

malaise, night sweats, fever, cachexia, adenopathy

67
Q

Acute T-cell lymphoma presentation

A

malaise, night sweats, fever, cachexia, adenopathy

68
Q

HTLV-1 associated myelopathy associated myeolopathy pathology

A

infected T-cells move to spinal cord

  • -> astrocytosis
  • -> paralysis
69
Q

HTLV-1 associated myelopathy associated myeolopathy pathology

A

infected T-cells move to spinal cord

  • -> astrocytosis
  • -> paralysis
70
Q

HIV

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsid
A
  • Group VI (+) ssRNA with reverse transcriptase
  • enveloped
  • icosohedral
71
Q

HIV

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsid
A
  • Group IV (+) ssRNA
  • enveloped
  • icosohedral
72
Q

HIV tropism

A

CD4+ T-cells

73
Q

AIDS has white count

A
74
Q

HIV-1 vs HIV-2

A

HIV-2 less transmittable + less progression to AIDS

75
Q

AIDS has white count

A
76
Q

Zidovudine mechanism

A

thymidine analogue, blocks reverse transcriptase at active site

77
Q

Efavierenz mechanism

A

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, bind reverse transcriptase far from active site

78
Q

Raltegrovivir mechanism

A

entry inhibitor, inhibits catalytic activity of HIV integrase

79
Q

Ritinovir mechanism

A

HIV protease inhibitor

80
Q

Maroviroc mechanism

A

chemokine receptor 5 antagonist. HIV entry inhibitor.

81
Q

Diagnostic tests for HIV

A

Step 1: rapid antigen ELISA

Step 2: Western Blot to confirm

82
Q

Monitoring of HIV patients

A

CD4+ tests

RT-PCR viral load tests

83
Q

Ebola

  • class
  • envelope status
  • capsule
A

Group V (-) ssRNA
Enveloped
helical

84
Q

Ebola virus tropism

A

lymphocytes

85
Q

Ebola virus tropism

A

lymphocytes

86
Q

Class I viruses

A

EBV–enveloped
CMV–enveloped
Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7–enveloped
Kaposi Sarcoma virus–enveloped

87
Q

Class II viruses

A

Parvovirus–nonenveloped

88
Q

Class III viruses

A

Colorado Tick Fever Virus–nonenveloped

89
Q

Class V viruses

A

Ebola–enveloped

90
Q

Class VI

A

HIV–enveloped

Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus–enveloped

91
Q

Class I viruses

A

EBV–enveloped
CMV–enveloped
Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7–enveloped
Kaposi Sarcoma virus–enveloped

IHO Wk 1 (13 decks)

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