viruses exam 2

Question 1

viruses need what

Answer 1

a living host to replicate
obligate intracellular parasite

Question 1

viruses

Answer 1

infectious agent to small to be seen by the naked eye

Question 2

host range

Answer 2

each group of viruses infects a particular group or host

Question 3

tissue tropism

Answer 3

the range of tissue types a virus can infect

Question 4

virus specificity

Answer 4

the cells which a virus can infect

Question 5

transmission of viruses

Answer 5

direct
indirect
vector

Question 6

zoonose

Answer 6

virus is passed from animal to human

Question 7

reverse zoonose

Answer 7

virus passed from human to animal

Question 8

viral component

Answer 8

virion
nucleic acid
capsids
envelopes
spikes
nucleocapsid

Question 9

virion

Answer 9

complete virus particle

Question 10

nucleic acid

Answer 10

dna or rna
linear or circular
single or double stranded

Question 11

capsids

Answer 11

protect and enclose the nucleic acid
composed of capsomeres

Question 12

envelope

Answer 12

bilayer membrane
acquired when they bud from the cell
lipids proteins and carbs

Question 13

spikes

Answer 13

glycoproteins: mediate attachment to the host

Question 14

viruses do not have

Answer 14

ATP generating mechanisms
ribosomes

Question 15

virus shaped determined by

Answer 15

envelope and capsomeres

Question 16

teguments

Answer 16

proteins between envelope and capsid that may help with viral replication

Question 17

international committee of taxonomy of virus

Answer 17

morphology
viral genetics
chemistry
mechanism of multiplication

Question 18

Baltimore classification

Answer 18

genome type
mRNA generation

Question 19

group 1

Answer 19

double-stranded DNA is transcribed to mRNA

Question 20

group 2

Answer 20

single-stranded DNA generate a double-stranded and transcribed into mRNA

Question 21

group 3

Answer 21

double-stranded RNA makes mRNA by using RNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 22

group 4

Answer 22

single-stranded RNA (+) makes complimentary - copy and transcribed to mRNA

Question 23

group 5

Answer 23

single-stranded RNA - transcribed to mRNA

Question 24

group 6

Answer 24

single stranded RNA + reverse transcribed to DNA

Question 25

group 7

Answer 25

double-stranded DNA transcribed to mRNA and reverse transcribed to make viral genomes for packaging into virions

Question 26

family name ends in

Answer 26

viridae

Question 27

genus name

Answer 27

virus

Question 28

viral species

Answer 28

group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche (host)

Question 29

replication of DNA containing animal virus

Answer 29

1. Attachment: virion attaches to host
2. entry and uncoated: virion enters and its DNA is uncoated
3. A portion of viral DNA is transcribed, producing mRNA that encodes early viral proteins
4. biosynthesis: viral DNA is replicated and some viral proteins are made
5. late translation: capsid proteins synthesized
6. maturation
7. release

Question 30

viroids

Answer 30

smaller than virus RNA particles

Question 31

viroids differ in 6 ways from viruses

Answer 31

1.single stranded RNA, circular
2.exist inside the cell as particles of RNA w/out envelope
3.do not require helper virus
4.viroid RNA: no proteins
5. copied in nucleus/chloroplast
6. particles not apparent in infected tissues

Question 32

virusoids

Answer 32

similar size/structure to viroids but are dependent on and encapsulated in helper virus

Question 33

prions

Answer 33

resistant to inactivation at 90
resistant to enzymes that degrade RNA/DNA
not sensitive to radiation treatment
sensitive to protein denaturing agents
direct pairing to amino acids

Question 34

oncogenic DNA viruses

Answer 34

adenoviridae
herpesviridae
poxviridae
papovaviridae
hepadnaviridae

Question 35

oncogenic RNA VIRUS

Answer 35

viral RNA is transcribed to DNA which can be integrated in the host DNA
retroviridae
HTLV-1
HTLV-2