Viruses & Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is infection?

A

The multiplication of a pathogenic microbe on or in a susceptible host with associated damage.

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2
Q

What causes infection?

A

Pathogenic microbes

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3
Q

Why are certain individuals more susceptible to certain infections?

A
Weakened immune systems
Dietary deficiencies
Poor living conditions
Genetic predispositions
Vaccinations
Lifestyles
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4
Q

What can influence the outcome of an infection?

A

The host’s immune system
Which body system is effected
Whether drugs are used

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5
Q

What colour do Gran Negative bacteria stain?

A

Red

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6
Q

What colour do Gram positive bacteria stain?

A

Purple

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7
Q

What are the 4 steps in Gran staining?

A

1) Add Crystal violet
2) Add Iodine
3) Add Acetone/Methanol
4) Add red dye

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8
Q

Why would you use acid fast staining?

A

It allows us to see bacteria that do not react to Gram staining. eg Mycobacter in TB

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9
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

bacterium/virus/other microorganism that can cause disease

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10
Q

What is a non pathogen?

A

Bacterium that doesn’t cause disease

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11
Q

Why is the genome composition of a virus important?

A

Because RNA is less stable it is more likely to mutate

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12
Q

Why is whether a virus has an envelope important?

A

Because viruses with envelopes are more easily sterilised (because if the envelope is pierced the virus cannot survive)

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13
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

any person, animal, plant, soil, substance in which an infectious agent lives/multiplies

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14
Q

What is a source?

A

readily available form of infection agent

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15
Q

What are the modes of transition?

A

ingestion, inhalation, physical contact, inoculation, sexual transmission

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16
Q

What is carriage?

A

Passage taken by microorganism e.g. nasal, throat

17
Q

What is normal flora?

A

non-pathogenic bacteria naturally found in our bodies e.g. the gut

18
Q

What is Commensal?

A

symbiotic relationship where one species derives benefit (microbe) and the other is unaffected (host). This is the time when the microbe may be replicating or waiting for the immune system to become compromised