Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med 103 > viruses > Flashcards

viruses Flashcards

1
Q

what does virus mean in latin

A

poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

true or false, viruses contain two types of nucleic acids in their genome

A

false, only DNA or RNA not both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are viruses that infect other viruses called

A

virophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

…….. only infects humans and …….. only infects warm-blooded animals

A

poliovirus and rabiesvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the key step in viral life cycle

A

viral assembly. viruses do replicate by assembly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does viral assembly involve

A

protein associations and interactions between the viral genome and capsid proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are new virions called

A

daughter viruses or progeny virions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the protein shell, or coat, that encloses the nucleic acid genome

A

capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are capsomeres

A

Morphologic units on the surface of icosahedral virus particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some virus particles acquired during viral maturation

A

envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the nucleocapsid

A

protein–nucleic acid complex representing the packaged form of the viral genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a protomer

A

basic structural unit (basic protein building blocks of the coat). they self-assemble to form a capsomere and capsomeres self-assemble to form a capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the complete virus particle called

A

virion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are viriods

A

Consist only of a short strand of circular RNA capable of self replication and don’t have a protein coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Virusoids

A

non–self-replicating ssRNAs (require that the cell also be infected with a specific “helper” virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give one example of satellite RNA that infects humans as a virusoid

A

hepatitis delta virus (HDV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a misfolded rogue form of a normal protein (PrPc) found in the cell

A

prions(PrPsc). Prions do not contain DNA or RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are prions known to have caused

A

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) in animals and humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which of these are highly resistant to inactivation by heat, formaldehyde, and ultraviolet light

a) virusoids
b) prions
c) viroids
d) virions

A

prions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the seven basis of classification of viruses

A
  1. Virion morphology,
  2. Virus genome properties,
  3. Genome organization and replication,
  4. Virus protein properties,
  5. Antigenic properties.
  6. Physicochemical properties
  7. Biologic properties
    MGOPAPB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Virus family names have the suffix……….

A

viridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Genus names carry the suffix……….

A

virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the genus suffix of subfamily and order

A

virinae and virales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

give an example of

a) dsDNA virus
b) ssDNA virus

A

a) herpesviridae

b) circoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what family is Hepatitis B virus
hepadnaviridae
26
DNA genomes reside in the nucleus except for what family of viruses
poxviruses
27
what do late genes and early genes encode
early genes- DNA-binding proteins and enzymes | late genes- structural and other proteins
28
give dsRNA viruses
Reoviridae | picornaviridae
29
name negative strand ssRNAs
Orthomyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae Filoviridae Arenaviridae
30
which are not to mutations. RNA or DNA viruses
RNA viruses
31
RNA viruses, except .......... must carry polymerases
(+) RNA genome
32
which viruses are all enveloped
(−) RNA viruses
33
which of the following is false a) (+) RNA similar to mRNA b) (−) RNA complementary to mRNA c) (+) RNA can be immediately translated by host cell d) (−) RNA can be immediately translated by host cell
d) becaucse (−) RNA has to be converted to (+) RNA in order to be translated by host cell
34
give examples of enveloped viruses
HIV, HSV, influenza
35
give examples of non-enveloped viruses
Norovirus, Parvovirus, HAV, HEV
36
what structure in influenza agglutinates red blood cells
hemagglutinin
37
what are the four groups of enzymes have been detected in the viruses
a. Neuraminidase b. RNA polymerase c. Reverse transcriptase d. Enzymes of cellular origin
38
what are the two groups of viral proteins
a. Structural proteins | b. Non-structural proteins (functional proteins e.g haemagglutinins)
39
where do lipids present in viruses originate from
the host's cell membrane
40
give an example of a virus with RNA that is single linear | molecule
picornaviruses
41
give an example of a virus with RNA which has genome consists of several segments
orhomyxoviruses
42
how are single stranded RNA classified
negative-sense positive-sense, ambisense RNA viruses
43
examples of negative strand RNA viruses
influenza virus, measles viruses, and rabies virus
44
what is the function of the capsid
encloses the nucleic acid genome, that protect the genome and confer shapes to viruses
45
what are the two main structural types of the capsid
- cylindrical (helical symmetry) | - spherical (icosahedral or cubic symmetry)
46
what are the advantages of naked capsids
- resistant to drying, acid, and detergents, including the acid and bile of the enteric tract - spreads easily - retain effectivity
47
what is a peplomer
glycoprotein spike on a viral capsid or viral envelope
48
what is the function of the matrix protein
serves as a bridge between nucleocapsid and inner membrane of the envelope
49
what viruses are sensitive to treatment with ether and other organic solvents
Lipid-containing viruses
50
instead of lipids in viral membranes, what do viral envelopes contain
glycoprotein
51
what are glycoproteins in viruses important as
viral antigens
52
what are the types of symmetry of viral particles and give examples for each
(1) cubic symmetry (eg, adenoviruses), (2) helical symmetry (eg, orthomyxoviruses), (3) complex structures (eg, poxviruses)
53
which viruses have cubic symmetry
spherically (icosahedral) shaped virus
54
what viruses have icosahedral structure
poliovirus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus
55
how many individual protein molecules is a capsomere generally composed of
five or six, each one referred to as a structural subunit, or protomer. 5 protomers then form a pentomer
56
how are the protein subunits bound to the nucleic acid in cylindrical arch structure
bound in a periodic way, bound in a periodic way
57
give an example of a virus with cylindrical arch structure
Rabies virus
58
which extra structures may complex viruses have
protein tails or a complex outer wall
59
what is an example of a complex virus
poxviruses (do not contain clearly identifiable capsids, but have several coats around the nucleic acid)
60
what are the three basic types of cell cultures
Primary cultures Diploid cell lines Continuous cell lines
61
how to detect Virus-Infected Cells
1) Development of cytopathic effects (morphological changes) 2) Appearance of a virus-encoded protein 3) Detection of virus-specific nucleic acid 4) Adsorption of erythrocytes to infected cells, called hemadsorption 5) Viral growth in an embryonated chick egg may result in death of the embryo
62
where are inclusion bodies located in a) herpesvirus b) poxvirus and rabies virus c) measles virus
a) nucleus b) cytoplasm c) both nucleus and cytoplasm

Med 103 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions