Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med 103 > Cell histology > Flashcards

Cell histology Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleoporins

A

proteins inside the the nuclear pore complex arranged in rings stacked on top of each other for transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

NLS

A

nuclear localization signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of NLS

A

importins and exportins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of exportins

A

karyopherins, PTACs, Ran-binding proteins, transportins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do exportins and importins trasnport

A

exportins transport macromolecules like RNA and importins transport cargo like subunits of ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what regulated importin and exportin trasnport

A

family of GTP binding proteins called Ran which facilitates signal mediated porcesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which is the active form, euchromatin or heterochromatin

A

euchromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does giemsa reagent stain on chromosomes

A

adenine-thymine rich regions producing bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the significance of giemsa staining

A

reveal deletions, non-disjuctions and translocations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of telomeres

A

protect from degradation or fusion with other chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in what cells does telomerase prevent telomere degradation

A

oocytes, spermatogonia, and stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what cells dont have telomerase

A

somatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what cells do not have telomere shortening

A

cancer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

only ……. of x chromosomes in …… is transcriptionally actuve

A

one, female. the inactive one remains that way throughout its lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the barr body

A

tightly coiled clump of chromatin, inactive X chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what cells can be used to study sex chromatin

A

epithelial cells in the cheek lining at the edge of the nuclear envelope and small drumstick-like evagination of the nuclei of the neutrophils from blood smears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what chromatin is the nucleoplasm composed of

A

interchromatin and perichromatin granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

give three functions of nucleoplasm

A
  1. amorphous
  2. maintains shape
  3. transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when is nucleolus observed

A

during interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the nucleolus stain and why does the nucleolus stain that way.

A

basophilic with H&E because it is rich in rRNA and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nucleolus contains small amounts of inactive DNA. true or false

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in cells actively synthesizing protein, how much does the nucleolus occupy in the nuclear volume

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pale staining fibrillar center in the nucleolus contains

A

inactive DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pars granulosa in the nucleolus contains

A

nucelolar DNA being trasncribed into rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is nucleolin (in pars fibrosa)
small nucelolar ribonuclear proteins
26
fibrillarin (in pars fibrosa)
ribonucleoproetin enzyme converting pre rRNA into mature RNA
27
nucleolar matrix contains
network of fibers for organization
28
what are nucleolar organizing regions (NORs)
where gene loci encode rRNA
29
where are NORs located
pale staining regions in at the tips of chromosomes (13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 (in humans))
30
what are the four basic tissues in the body
* connective tissue * muscle tissue * nervous tissue * epithelial tissue
31
what is the protoplasm divided into
* cytoplasm | * karyoplasm (nucleus)
32
what is the fluid suspension in the cytoplasm called
cytosol
33
what do the cytoplasmic inclusions consist of
metabolic by products, storage forms of various nutrients, or inert crystals and pigments
34
what is the cell membrane called amphipathic
composed of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
35
what are examples of amphipathic molecules
glycolipids, glycosphingo lipids, and cholesterol
36
what does PAS demonstrate
glycoproteins, carbohydrates and mucins
37
what does PAS recognized that most other techniques do not
recognizes neutral mucins
38
what is the PAS technique based on
upon the structure of the monosaccharide units
39
what is the glycocalyx
cell coat usually composed of carbohydrate chains that are covalently attached to transmembrane proteins and/or phospholipid molecules of the outer leaflet
40
what is the most important function of the glycocalyx
1. protection of the cell from interaction with inappropriate proteins (selectively permeable) 2. chemical injury 3. physical injury
41
why does the glycocalyx stain intensely with dyes such as ruthenium red and Alcian blue
numerous negatively charged sulfate and carboxyl groups
42
where are the large and small ribosomal subunit manufactured
in the nucleolus
43
what are the a) small subunit b) large subunit composed of
a) has a sedimentation value of 40S and is composed of 33 proteins and an 18S rRNA b) sedimentation value of the large subunit is 60S, and it consists of 49 proteins and 3 rRNAs
44
what constitutes the SER
A system of anastomosing tubules and occasional flattened membrane-bound vesicles
45
which cells have an abundance of SER
synthesis of steroids, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and cells that function in detoxification of toxic materials
46
what is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
separating calcium ions from the cytosol, assisting in the control of muscle contraction
47
what components of the membrane are manufactured in the RER
lipids and integral proteins
48
what is the Golgi apparatus composed of
one or more series of flattened, slightly curved membrane-bounded cisternae (known as faces)
49
what are the three faces of cisternae
The cis-face (and the cis Golgi network, closest to ER)  The medial face (intermediate face)  The trans-face (and the trans Golgi network, exit face)
50
what were vesicular-tubular clusters (VTC) previously known as
endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)
51
what are examples of acid hydrolases
sulfatases, proteases, nucleases, lipases, and glycosidases
52
what do lysosomes require
acidic pH. they possess proton pumps that actively transport H+ ions into the lysosome
53
what is the inner membrane of the mitochondria folded into
cristae to increase surface area for energy production
54
what does each mitochondrial porin form
large aqueous channel through which water-soluble molecules
55
what is the inner mitochondrial membrane richly edowed with
cardiolipin, a phospholipid that possesses four, rather than the usual two, fatty acyl chains
56
what is the mitochondrial matrix space composed of
dense fluid composed of at least 50 % protein (mostly enzymes, which accounts for its viscosity
57
what are the enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix responsible for
stepwise degradation of fatty acids and pyruvate to the metabolic intermediate acetyl CoA (for Krebs cycle)
58
where do humans get their mitochondria from
from their mothers
59
what is an example of cytoplasmic staining with the acid dye eosin
it is attracted to charged groups on the amino acid side chains of cytoplasmic proteins
60
what are examples of Eosinophilic stains
Picric acid, Indian ink, congo red, nigrosoine, eosin
61
what color does eosinophilic stain
pink
62
what are examples of Acidophilic substances in the cell
mitochondria, cytoplasm, secretory granules, ECM proteins
63
what does the hematoxylin-aluminum lake bind to
phosphate groups of DNA and the histone proteins bound to the phosphate groups of DNA
64
what are examples of Basophilic substances in the cell
nucleic acids, rRNA, rRER, glycosaminoacids, acid glycoproteins (negative structures)
65
what are examples of basic dyes
toluidine blue, methylene blue, hematoxylin, alcian blue
66
what are the names of the nuclear lamins located at the periphery of the nucleoplasm
A, B1, B2, and C
67
what are the functions of the nuclear lamins
1. organizing and providing support to the lipid bilayer membrane 2. organizing and providing support to the peri-nuclear chromatin 3. playing a role in the formation of nuclear pore complexes 4. assembly of vesicles to reform the nuclear envelope subsequent to cell division
68
what does each of the nuclear pore complexes communicate with the others with
nuclear lamina and certain pore connecting fibers
69
what else does the nuclear pore complex comprise of other than nucleoporins
cytoplasmic fibers, a central transporter (plug) , and a nuclear basket
70
where is heterochromatin normally located
periphery of the nucleus
71
what are autosomes
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
72
what is more gelatinous, the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm
nucleoplasm

Med 103 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions