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Step I > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

recombination

A

exchange of genes btwn 2 chromosomes by crossing over w/in regions of homology

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2
Q

reassortment

A

when viruses w/segmented genomes exchange genetic material

influenza

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3
Q

complementation

A

HVD

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4
Q

phenotypic mixing

A

simultaneous infection of a cell w/2 viruses

genome A can be partially or completely coated w/surface proteins from virus B

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5
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A 
Live! See small yellow rotating chickens get vaccinated w/Sabin and MMR, Its INcredible 
Small pox 
yellow fever
chicken pox
Sabin polio 
MMR
Influenza (intranasal)
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6
Q

Killed vaccines

A 
RIP Always
Rabies
Influenza
salk Polio
HAV
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7
Q

DNA viral genomes

A 
All DNA viruses except Parvoviridae are dsDNA
all are linear except papilloma, polyoma, and hepadnaviruses (cicular)
are icoshedral (except pox)
Replicate in nucleus (expect poxvirus)
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8
Q

RNA viral genomes

A

All RNA viruses except Reoviridae are ssRNA

replicate in cytoplasm (except influenza and retroviruses)

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9
Q

+ strand RNA viruses

A 
retro toga party where I drank FLAvored Corona and ate hippy California pickles
retrovirus
togavirus
flavivirus
coronavirus
hepevirus
calicivirus
picornavirus
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10
Q

naked viruses

A 
give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked Heppy
PAPP = DNA, CPR and hep = RNA
papillomavirus 
adenovirus
parvovirus
polyomavirus
calicivirus
picornavirus
reovirus
hepevirus
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11
Q

DNA viruses

A 
HHAPPPPy viruses
Hepadena 
Herpes
Adeno
Pox
Parvo
Papilloma
Polymyoma
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12
Q

Herpesviruses

A 
enveloped
dsDNA, linear
HSV 1, 2
VZV (3)
EBV (4)
CMV (5)
HHV 6 (roseola)
HHV 7 (less common roseola)
HHV 8 (kaposi sarcoma)
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13
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

enveloped
partially DS and circular
HBV

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14
Q

adenovirus

A 
naked
dsDNA and linear
febrile pharyngitis
pneumonia
pink eye
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15
Q

parvovirus

A 
naked 
ssDNA and linear
smallest DNA virus
B19 in kids
hydrops fetalis
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16
Q

papillomavirus

A

naked
dsDNA and circular
HPV warts, CIN, cervical CA (16, 18)

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17
Q

polyomarvirus

A

naked
dsDNA and circular
JC- junky cerebellum
BK- bad kidney

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18
Q

poxvirus

A 
enveloped
dsDNA and linear
largest DNA virus
smallpox
cow pox
molluscum contagiosum
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19
Q

what is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis?

A

HSV1

usually temporal lobe

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20
Q

what cells does EBV infect?

A

B cells via CD21
the atypical lymphocytes seen on smear are reactive cytotoxic T cells, not B cells
monospot test (agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs)
burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal CA

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21
Q

Roseola

A

HHV 6,7
high fevers for several days, may cause seizures
followed by diffuse macular rash

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22
Q

Tzanck test

A

used to detect multinucleated giatn cells of HSV1,2 and VZV

can also see intranuclear inclusions

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23
Q

reoviruses

A 
naked
dsRNA linear, 10-12 segments
icosahedral 
coltivirus (CO tick fever)
rotavirus (MCC of fatal diarrhea in kids)
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24
Q

picornaviruses

A 
naked
ssRNA pos linear
icosahedral
PERCH:
Polio
echo
rhino
coxsackie
HAV
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25
Q

echovirus

A

aseptic meningits

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26
Q

coxsackievirus

A

aseptic meningitis
herpangina (mouth blisters, fever)
hand, foot, and mouth disease
myocarditis, pericarditis

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27
Q

hepevirus

A

naked
ssRNA pos linear
iscosahedral
HEV

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28
Q

calicivirus

A

naked
ssRNA pos linear
icosahedral
norovirus

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29
Q

flavivirus

A 
enveloped
ssRNA pos linear
icosahedral
HCV
yellow fever
dengue
St. louis encephalitis
west nile
30
Q

togavirus

A 
enveloped
ssRNA pos linear
icosahedral
rubella
EEE
WEE
31
Q

retrovirus

A

enveloped
ssRNA pos linear (2 copies)
HIV- complex and conical
HTVL - icosahedral, Tcell leukemia

32
Q

coronavirus

A

enveloped
ssRNA pos linear
helical
coronavirus and SARs

33
Q

paramyxovirus

A 
enveloped
ssRNA neg linear, nonsegmented
helical
PaRaMyxovirus
Parainfluenza- croup
RSV
Measles, Mumps
34
Q

orthomyxoviruses

A

enveloped
ssRNA neg, 8 segments
helical
influenza

35
Q

rhabdoviruses

A

enveloped
ssRNA neg linear
helical
rabies

36
Q

filovirus

A

enveloped
ssRNA neg linear
helical
ebola

37
Q

arenavirus

A

enveloped
ssRNA, neg circular, 3 segments
helical
lassa fever encephalitis

38
Q

bunyavirsu

A 
enceloped
ss neg circular 3 segments
helical 
california encephalitis 
sandfly/rift valley fever
crimean congo hemorrhagic fever
hantavirsus
39
Q

delta virus

A

enveloped
ssRNA neg circular
HDV

40
Q

neg strand viruses

A 
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
arenaviruses
bunyaviruses
paramyxoviruses
orthomyxoviruses
filoviruses
rhabdoviruses
41
Q

segmented viruses

A 
all RNA
BOAR
bunyavirus
orthomyxoviruses
arenaviruses
reoviruses
42
Q

yellow fever

A

falvivirus
Aedes mosquito
high fever, black vomitus, jaundice
Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic globules) on liver Bx

43
Q

influenza viruses

A

orthomyxoviruses
enveloped, neg ssRNA, 8 segments
hamagglutinin (viral entry)
neuraminidase (progeny virion release)

44
Q

rubella virus

A

togavirus
aka german measles
fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine rash
TORCH- blueberry muffin baby

45
Q

paramyxoviruses

A 
parainfluenza- croup
RSV
mumps
measles
surface F protein -> fuse -> multinucleated giant cells
46
Q

measels

A

rubeola virus
1-prodromal fever w/cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
2-koplik spots
3- rash starts and head moves down
lymphadentis w/warthin-finkeldey giant cells w/background paracortical hyperplasia
SSPE years later
vit A supplementation can reduce mortality

47
Q

mumps

A 
paramyxovirus
POM:
parotits
orchiits
aseptic meningitis
48
Q

rabies

A

bullet shaped virus

negri bodies in purkinjie cells

49
Q

HAV

A

RNA picornavirus
F-O
no carrier
no increased risk for HCC

50
Q

HBV

A

DNA hepadnavirus
parenteral, sexual, perinatal
carrier state
increased risk for HCC

51
Q

HCV

A

RNA flavivirus
primarily blood transmission
carrier state
increased HCC risk

52
Q

HDV

A 
RNA delta virus
parenteral, sexual, perinatal
carrier state
superinfection short- HDV after HBV
coinfection long- HDV w/HBV
53
Q

HEV

A 
RNA hepevirus
F-O, especially water bourne
no carrier
no increased HCC
high mortality in prego women
54
Q

HIV

A 
diploid RNA genome
binds CD4, CCR5 on macros, and CXCR4 on T cells
3 structural proteins:
env (gp120, gp41)
gag
pol
55
Q

env

A

gp 120- attachment to host CD4

gp41- fusion and entry

56
Q

gag

A

aka p24

capsid protein

57
Q

pol

A

reverse transcriptase
aspartate protese
integrase

58
Q

pathogens once CD4

A 
Candida albicans
EBV 
Bartonella henselae 
HHV-8
Cryptosporidum
HPV
59
Q

EBV

A

oral hairy leukoplakia

60
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

bacilllary angiomatosis

neutrophil inflammation

61
Q

HHV-8

A

kaposi sarcoma

lymphocytic inflammation

62
Q

cruptosporidum

A

chronic watery diarrhea

acid-fast oocysts in stool

63
Q

pathogens once CD4

A

toxoplasma gondii
HIV dementia
JC
pneumocystis jorovecci

64
Q

toxoplasmas gondii

A

multiple brain abscesses

65
Q

JC virus

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopahty

demylination on MRI

66
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

ground glass on CXR

67
Q

CD4

A 
aspergillus fumigatus
cryptococcus neoformas
candida
CMV
EBV
Histoplasma capsulatum 
MAI
68
Q

aspergillus fumigatus

A

hemoptysis
pleuritic pain
cavitation or infiltrates on CXR

69
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

A

meningitis

encapsulated yeast on india ink

70
Q

CMV

A

retinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis
linear ulcers on endoscopy
cotton wool spots of fundoscopy

71
Q

EBV

A

B cell lumphoma

Step I (22 decks)

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