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Step I > nutrition > Flashcards

nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

vit K fnx

A

cofactor for y-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on factors II, VII, IX, X, proteins C and S
synthesized by gut flora

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2
Q

vit K deficiency

A

neonatal hemorrhage w/increased PT and aPTT, normal BT

not in breast milk given to neonates

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3
Q

zinc fnx

A

mineral essential for activity of 100+ enzymes

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4
Q

zinc deficiency

A 
delayed wound healing
hypogonadism
decreased adult hair
dysgeusia
anosmia
acrodermatitis enteropathica
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5
Q

vit A fnx

A 
antioxidant
retinal
normal differentiation of epi -> specialized tissue
prevents squamous metaplasia
Tx measles and AML subtype M3
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6
Q

vit A deficiency

A 
night blindness (nyctalopia)
dry, scaley skin 
corneal degeneration
bitot spots
immunosuppression
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7
Q

acute vit A toxicity

A

nausea
vomiting
vertigo
blurred vision

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8
Q

chronic vit A toxicity

A 
alopecia
dry skin
hepatic toxicity and enlargemnt
arthralgia
psudotumor cerebri
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9
Q

vit A teratogen

A

cleft palate and cardiac abnormalities

cannot Tx acne w/isotretinoin w/o neg prego test

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10
Q

Vit B1 fnx

A 
thiamine
thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-cofactor fo dehydrogenase enzyme rxns in TCA cycle and HMP shunt
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11
Q

Vit B1 is a cofactor for what enzymes

A

ATP
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Transketolase
pyruvate dehydrogenase

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12
Q

vit B1 deficiency

A

impaired glucose meta -> ATP depletion worsened by glucose infusion
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Ber1Ber1
increased RBC transketolase actictiy after B1 administration

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13
Q

Dry Ber1Ber1

A

polyneuritis

symmetrical mm wasting

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14
Q

wet Ber1Ber1

A

high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)

edema

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15
Q

vit B2 fnx

A

riboflavin

component of flavins FAD and FMN used in redox rxns

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16
Q

vit B2 deficiency

A

riboflavin
2 C’s of B2
Cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures)
Corneal vascularization

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17
Q

vit B3 fnx

A

niacin
NAD and NADP used in redox rxns
used to TX dyslipedmia

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18
Q

vit B3 deficiency

A 
niacin
glossitits
pellagra: 3 D's of B3
diarrhea
dementia (and hallucinations)
dermatitis (C3/4 dermatome - broad collar rash and hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed areas)
can be d/t hartnup disease
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19
Q

excess vit B3

A 
niacin
facial flushing d/t prostaglandins, not histamine
coadmin aspirn
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
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20
Q

vit B5 fnx

A

pantothenic acid

essential component of CoA and fatty synthase

21
Q

vit B5 deficiency

A 
pentothenic acid 
dermatitis
enteritis
alopecia
adrenal insufficency
22
Q

vit B6 fnx

A 
pyroxidine
converted to pyrdioxal phospate (PLP)- cofactor for transamination, decarboxylation, glycogen phosphorylase
needed for synthesis of:
-cystathionine
-heme
-niacin
-histamine
-NTs
23
Q

vit B6 deficeincy

A 
pyroxidine
convulsions
hyperirritability
peripheral neuropathy
sideroblastic anemias
can be d/t isonizid and OCPs
24
Q

vit B7 fnx

A

biotin

cofactor for carboxylation enzymes

25
Q

vit B7 deficiency

A 
biotin
rare
dermatitis
alopecia
enteritis
can be d/t abx or excessive ingestion of raw egg whites
26
Q

vitB9 fnx

A

folate
converted to THF needed for pyrimadine synthesis
small reserve in liver

27
Q

vitB9deficiency

A 
folate
macrolytic, megaloblastic anemia
hypersegmented neutros
glosstits
no neuro symptoms
usually in alcoholics and prego
supplement in prego to prevent neural tube defects
28
Q

vitB9 deficiency labs

A

increased homocysteine
normal methylmalonic acid levels
increased MCV

29
Q

drugs that cause vit B9 deficiency

A

phenytoin
sulfonamides
methotrexate

30
Q

vit 12 fnx

A

cobalamin
cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase
synthesized by microorganisms so only in animal products

31
Q

vit B12 deficiency

A

cobalamin
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
hypersegmented neutros
neuro symptoms

32
Q

neuro path of vit B12 deficiency

A

cobalamin

abnormal myelin -> degeneration of DCMS, LCST, spinocerebellar tracts

33
Q

vit B12 deficiency labs

A

cobalamin
increased homocysteine AND methylmalonic acid
increased MCV

34
Q

causes vit B12 deficiency

A 
cobalamin
veganism
malabsorption (sprue, enteriits, diphyllobothrium latum)
lack of IF (pernicious anemia)
absence of terminal ileum (Chrons)
35
Q

vit C fnx

A 
ascorbic acid
antioxidant
Fe absorption (reduces to Fe2+)
hyroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen 
dopamine -> NE
36
Q

vit C deficiency

A

ascorbic acid
scurvy
swollen gums, bruising, petechiae, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing
perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhages
corkscrew hari
weakened immune response

37
Q

excess vit C

A

ascorbic acid
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, Ca oxalate nephrolithiasis
increased Fe toxicity in predisposed (transfusion, hemochromatosis)

38
Q

vit D types

A

D2 ergocalciferol (from plants)
D3 cholecalciferol (milk and sun exposure)
25-OH D3 (storage form)
1,25 (OH)2 D3/calcitriol (active form)

39
Q

vit D fnxs

A

increased GI absorption of Ca and phosphate

increase bone mineralization

40
Q

vit D deficiency

A

rickets in kids, osteomalacia in adults
hypocalcemic tetany
breast fed infants need supplementation

41
Q

vit D excess

A

hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria
loss of appetite
stupor
seen in granulomatous diseases d/t increased activation of vitD by epithelioid macros

42
Q

vit E fnx

A

tocopherol/tocotrienol
antioxidant (protects RBCs and membranes)
can enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin

43
Q

vit E deficiency

A

hemolytic anemia
acanthrocytosis
mm weakness
posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demylination

44
Q

vit E vs vit B12 deficiency

A

presents w/similar neuro symptoms
but vitE deficiency does NOT have megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils, or increased serum methylmalonic acid levels

45
Q

kwashikors

A 
protein malnutrition
skin lesions
edema
fatty liver
MEAL:
malnutrition
edema
anemia
liver fatty
46
Q

marsamus

A

total calorie malnutrition
tissue and mm wasting
loss of subQ fat and variable edema

47
Q

ethanol meta

A 
zero order kinetics
NAD limiting reagent
d/t increased NADH/NAD ratio:
-lactic acidosis
-fasting hypoglycemia
-hepatosteatosis 
-ketoacidosis 
-lipogenesis
48
Q

fomepizole

A

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoing

49
Q

disulfuram

A

inhibits acetaldehyde dehyrdogenase -> very sick

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