Fungi and Parasites Flashcards
what fungi is NOT dimorphic
coccidioidomycosis
is a spherule not yeast in tissue
general rule for Tx of fungi
fluconazole or itraconazole for local infections
amphotericin B for systemic
Histoplasmosis
Miss/Ohio river valleys
Histo Hides in macrophages
bird/bat droppings
blastomycosis
east of Miss river and central america
granulomatous nodules
broad base budding
coccidioidomycosis
SW US
increased rates after earthquake
spherule
paracoccidioidomycosis
latin america
budding yeast w/captains wheel formation
dermatophytes
cutaneous infections microporum trichophyton epidermophyton branching spetate hyphae on KOH prep
tinea versicolor
malassezia
yeast like
spaghetti and meatballs
aspergillus fumigatus
in lung cavities post TB
produce aflatoxins -> hepatocellular carinoma
45 degree angles
crytococcus
encapsulated
soil, pigeon droppings
latex agglutination
‘soap bubble’ lesions in brain
rhizopus
mucor
usually in ketoacidosis or neutropenic
black eschar on face
irregular, broad,k nonseptated, brr at wide angles
when do you start prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii
CD4
how does sporothrix schenckii spread?
lymph
giardia
cysts in water
trophozoites or cysts in stool
entamoeba histolytica
amebiasis- bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, flask shaped ulcer
cysts in water
trophozoites in RBCs, cysts (up to 4 nuclei) in stool
cryptosporidum
severe diarrhea in AIDS
mild disease in normal
oocytes in water
oocytes acid-fast stain
Toxoplasma gondii
triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
cysts in meat
oocytes in cats feces
Naegleria fowleri
rapidly fatal meingoencephalitis
swimming in freshwater lakes
(fresh water in nalgene bottle)
amoebas in spinal fluid
trypanosoma brucei
african sleeping sickness
enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma
tsetse fly (painful bite)
Tx: suramin, melarsoprol
plasmodium vivax/ovale
48hr cycle
dormant hypnozoite in liver
P. falciparum
severe, irregular fever patterns
cerebral malaria
P. malariae
72hr cycle
Dx of malaria
trophozoite ring w/in RBC
red granules, schuffner stipping
babesia
babesiosis fever, hemolytic anemia NE US asplenic increased rick often co-infection w/Lyme Maltese cross on blood smear
trypanosoma cruzi
chagas disease dilated cardiomyopathy megacolon/esophagus south america U/L periorbital swelling (Romana sign) in acute stage Reducid (kissing) bug
leishmania donovani
visceral leishmaniasis
spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
sandfly
amastigotes in macros
Trichomonas vaginalis
strawberry cervix
enterobisu vericularis
fecal-oral
aka pin worms
Tx: bendazoles
ascaris lumbricoides
F-O
eggs visible in feces under microscope
intestinal infection
Tx: bendazoles
stronyloides
larvae in soil penetrate skin
intestinal infection
Ivermectin or bendazoles
ancylosoma duodenale and nector americanus
hookworms
larvae penetrate skin
intestinal infection
bendazoles or pyrantal pamoate
trichinella spiralis
F-O, undercooked pork
intestinal infection
trichinosis-fever, vomiting, periorbital edema, myalgia
bendazoles
onchocerca volvulus
female blackfly bite
hyperpigmented skin and river blindess
ivermetin
loa loa
deer fly, horse, fly, mango fly
swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
diethylcarbamazine
Wuchereria bancrofti
female mosquito
elphantiasis (takes 9mo-1yr)
diethylcarbamazine
toxocara canis
F-O
visceral larva migrans
bendazoles
which nematodes are ingested?
EATT Enterobius Ascaris Toxocara Trichinella
Which nematodes enter cutaneously
SANd
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator
Which nematodes enter via a bite?
LOW
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Wuchereria bancrofti
taenia solium encysted in undercooked pork
tapeworm
GI infection
Tx praziquantel
tanenia solium eggs
tapeworm
cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis
Tx praziquantel, albendazole for neuro
Diphyllobothrium latum
tapeworm
ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
Vit B12 deficiency -> megaloblastic anemia
Tx praziquantel
Echinococcus granulosus
tapeworm ingestion of eggs from dog feces sheep intermediate host hydatid cysts in liver (must inject w/ethanol before removal) Tx albendazole
schistosoma haematobium
fluke snails host, cercariae penetrate skin of humans hepatosplenomegaly SCC of bladder and pulmonary HTN Tx praziwuantel
Clonorchis sinenssi
undercooked fish
biiary tract inflammation -> pigmented gallstones
assocaited w/cholangiocarcinoma
Tx praziquantel
biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma
clonorchis sinensis (trematode)
brain cysts seizures
tanenia solium (tapeworm)
hematuria, SCC bladder
Schistosoma haematobium
liver (hydatid) cysts
Echinococcus ganulosus (tapeworm)
microcytic anemia
Ancylostoma, Necator
Myalgia, periorbital edema
Trichinella spiralis
perianal pruritus
enterobius
portal HTN
Schistosoma
Vit B deficiency
diphyllobothrium latum
