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Step I > Fungi and Parasites > Flashcards

Fungi and Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

what fungi is NOT dimorphic

A

coccidioidomycosis

is a spherule not yeast in tissue

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2
Q

general rule for Tx of fungi

A

fluconazole or itraconazole for local infections

amphotericin B for systemic

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3
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Miss/Ohio river valleys
Histo Hides in macrophages
bird/bat droppings

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4
Q

blastomycosis

A

east of Miss river and central america
granulomatous nodules
broad base budding

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5
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

SW US
increased rates after earthquake
spherule

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6
Q

paracoccidioidomycosis

A

latin america

budding yeast w/captains wheel formation

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7
Q

dermatophytes

A 
cutaneous infections
microporum
trichophyton
epidermophyton
branching spetate hyphae on KOH prep
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8
Q

tinea versicolor

A

malassezia
yeast like
spaghetti and meatballs

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9
Q

aspergillus fumigatus

A

in lung cavities post TB
produce aflatoxins -> hepatocellular carinoma
45 degree angles

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10
Q

crytococcus

A

encapsulated
soil, pigeon droppings
latex agglutination
‘soap bubble’ lesions in brain

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11
Q

rhizopus

A

mucor
usually in ketoacidosis or neutropenic
black eschar on face
irregular, broad,k nonseptated, brr at wide angles

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12
Q

when do you start prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

CD4

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13
Q

how does sporothrix schenckii spread?

A

lymph

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14
Q

giardia

A

cysts in water

trophozoites or cysts in stool

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15
Q

entamoeba histolytica

A

amebiasis- bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, flask shaped ulcer
cysts in water
trophozoites in RBCs, cysts (up to 4 nuclei) in stool

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16
Q

cryptosporidum

A

severe diarrhea in AIDS
mild disease in normal
oocytes in water
oocytes acid-fast stain

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17
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
cysts in meat
oocytes in cats feces

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18
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

rapidly fatal meingoencephalitis
swimming in freshwater lakes
(fresh water in nalgene bottle)
amoebas in spinal fluid

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19
Q

trypanosoma brucei

A

african sleeping sickness
enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma
tsetse fly (painful bite)
Tx: suramin, melarsoprol

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20
Q

plasmodium vivax/ovale

A

48hr cycle

dormant hypnozoite in liver

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21
Q

P. falciparum

A

severe, irregular fever patterns

cerebral malaria

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22
Q

P. malariae

A

72hr cycle

23
Q

Dx of malaria

A

trophozoite ring w/in RBC

red granules, schuffner stipping

24
Q

babesia

A 
babesiosis
fever, hemolytic anemia
NE US
asplenic increased rick 
often co-infection w/Lyme 
Maltese cross on blood smear
25
Q

trypanosoma cruzi

A 
chagas disease
dilated cardiomyopathy 
megacolon/esophagus
south america
U/L periorbital swelling (Romana sign) in acute stage
Reducid (kissing) bug
26
Q

leishmania donovani

A

visceral leishmaniasis
spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
sandfly
amastigotes in macros

27
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

strawberry cervix

28
Q

enterobisu vericularis

A

fecal-oral
aka pin worms
Tx: bendazoles

29
Q

ascaris lumbricoides

A

F-O
eggs visible in feces under microscope
intestinal infection
Tx: bendazoles

30
Q

stronyloides

A

larvae in soil penetrate skin
intestinal infection
Ivermectin or bendazoles

31
Q

ancylosoma duodenale and nector americanus

A

hookworms
larvae penetrate skin
intestinal infection
bendazoles or pyrantal pamoate

32
Q

trichinella spiralis

A

F-O, undercooked pork
intestinal infection
trichinosis-fever, vomiting, periorbital edema, myalgia
bendazoles

33
Q

onchocerca volvulus

A

female blackfly bite
hyperpigmented skin and river blindess
ivermetin

34
Q

loa loa

A

deer fly, horse, fly, mango fly
swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
diethylcarbamazine

35
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

female mosquito
elphantiasis (takes 9mo-1yr)
diethylcarbamazine

36
Q

toxocara canis

A

F-O
visceral larva migrans
bendazoles

37
Q

which nematodes are ingested?

A 
EATT
Enterobius
Ascaris
Toxocara
Trichinella
38
Q

Which nematodes enter cutaneously

A

SANd
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator

39
Q

Which nematodes enter via a bite?

A

LOW
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Wuchereria bancrofti

40
Q

taenia solium encysted in undercooked pork

A

tapeworm
GI infection
Tx praziquantel

41
Q

tanenia solium eggs

A

tapeworm
cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis
Tx praziquantel, albendazole for neuro

42
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

tapeworm
ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
Vit B12 deficiency -> megaloblastic anemia
Tx praziquantel

43
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A 
tapeworm
ingestion of eggs from dog feces
sheep intermediate host
hydatid cysts in liver (must inject w/ethanol before removal)
Tx albendazole
44
Q

schistosoma haematobium

A 
fluke
snails host, cercariae penetrate skin of humans
hepatosplenomegaly
SCC of bladder and pulmonary HTN
Tx praziwuantel
45
Q

Clonorchis sinenssi

A

undercooked fish
biiary tract inflammation -> pigmented gallstones
assocaited w/cholangiocarcinoma
Tx praziquantel

46
Q

biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

A

clonorchis sinensis (trematode)

47
Q

brain cysts seizures

A

tanenia solium (tapeworm)

48
Q

hematuria, SCC bladder

A

Schistosoma haematobium

49
Q

liver (hydatid) cysts

A

Echinococcus ganulosus (tapeworm)

50
Q

microcytic anemia

A

Ancylostoma, Necator

51
Q

Myalgia, periorbital edema

A

Trichinella spiralis

52
Q

perianal pruritus

A

enterobius

53
Q

portal HTN

A

Schistosoma

54
Q

Vit B deficiency

A

diphyllobothrium latum

Step I (22 decks)

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