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Step I > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

what bugs stain w/Giemsa

A 
Certain Bugs Really Try My Patience
Chlamydia
borrelia
rickettsia
trypanosomes
plasmodium
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2
Q

PAS

A

stains glycogen

Dx whipples disease

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3
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen

A

Acid fast bacteria
nocardium
mycobacteria
protozoa

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4
Q

india ink

A

cryptococcus neoformans

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5
Q

silver stain

A

fungi
legionella
H. pylori

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6
Q

What do you grow H. influenza on

A

Chocolate agar

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7
Q

What do you grow Nieserria on?

A 
Thayer martin VTCN
V- vancomycin (kills gram +)
T- trimethoprim (kills other gram -)
C- colistin (kills other gram -)
Nystatin (kills fungi)
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8
Q

what do you grow B. pertusis on

A

Bordet-gengou agar

regan lowe medium

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9
Q

what do you grow C. diptheriae on

A

tellurite agar

loeffler medium

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10
Q

what do you grow M. tuberculosis on

A

lowenstein-jensen agar

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11
Q

what do you grow M. pneumonia on?

A

eaton agar

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12
Q

what do you grow lactose fermenting enterics on

A

MacConkey agar

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13
Q

what do you grow E.Coli on

A

Eosin-methylene blue (EMB)

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14
Q

what do you grow legionella on

A

charcoal yeat extract agar buffered w/cysteine and Fe

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15
Q

what do you grow Fungi on

A

Sabouraud agar

Sab’s a Fun guy

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16
Q

what are the aerobes

A

Naggin Pests Must Breathe
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
MycoBacterium

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17
Q

Anaerobs

A

Anaerobes frankly Cant Breathe Air
Fusobacterium
clostridium bacterioides
actinomyes

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18
Q

obligate intracellular

A

stay inside when it is Really CHilly and Cold
rickettsia
chlamydia
Coxiella

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19
Q

faculative intracellualr

A 
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FaculativeLY
salmonella
neisseria
brucella
mycobacterium
listeria
francisella
legionella
yersinia pestis
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20
Q

encapsulated bacteria

A 
SHiNE SKiS
streptococcus pneumonia
H. influenza
Neisseria meningitidis
E. coli
Salmonella
Kelbsiella
group B Strep
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21
Q

urease +

A 
CHuck norris hates PUNKSS
cryptococcus
H. pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
nocardia
kelbsiella
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus
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22
Q

Catalase +

A 
CATs Need PLACESS to hide
Catalase
nocardia
psudomonas
listeria
aspergillus
candidia
E. coli
staphylococci
serratia
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23
Q

protein A

A

expressed by S. aureus
binds Fc region of IgG
prevents opsonization and phagocytosis

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24
Q

IgA protease

A

secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenza type B, Neisseria (SHiN)
can colonize respiratory mucosa

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25
Q

M protein

A

Expressed by S. pyogens
prevents phagocytosis
molecular mimicry -> rheumatic fever

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26
Q

Type III secretion system

A

aka injectisome for direct delivery of toxins

gram negs: Pseudomonas, salmonella, shigella, E. coli

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27
Q

What bacteria inhibits protein synthesis?

A
  • C. diphtheriae toxin inactivates EF-2
  • Psuedomonas exotoxin inactivated EF-2
  • Shigella toxin inactivates 60S ribosome
  • EHEC shiga-like toxin inactivates 60S ribosome
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28
Q

what bacteria increase fluid secretion?

A
  • ETEC LT overactivates cAMP so more Cl- is secreted
  • ETEC ST overactivates cGMP so less NaCl is aborbed
  • B. anthracis edema toxin increases cAMP
  • V. cholerae toxin increased cAMP more Cl secreted
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29
Q

which bacteria inhibit phagoctic ability

A

B. pertusis toxin blocks Gi -> increase AC and cAMP

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30
Q

which bacteria inhibit NT release

A
  • C. tetani tetanospasmin blocks release of GABA

- C. botulinum toxin blocks release of Ach

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31
Q

which bacteria lyse cell membranes

A
  • C. perfringens alpha toxin is a phospholipase and degrades tissues and membranes
  • S. pyogens streptolysin O
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32
Q

What superAgs cause shock?

A

S. aureus TSST-1 and S. pyognes exotoxin A both binds MHC II and TCR -> release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-Y, and TNFalpha

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33
Q

endotoxin effects

A 
ENDOTOXIN
Edema
Nitric oxide
DIC/Death
Outer membrane 
TNFalpha
O-Ag
eXtremely heat stable
IL-1
Neutrophil chemotaxis
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34
Q

Which organisms are Novobiocin resistant?

A

No StRES
NOvobiocin
Saprophyticus is Resistant
Epidermis is Sensitive

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35
Q

which organisms are optochin resistant?

A

OVRPS (overpass)
Optochin
Viridans Resistant
Pneumoniae Sensitive

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36
Q

what organisms are Bacitracin resistant?

A

B-BRAS
Bacitracin
group B strep Resistant
group A strep Sensitive

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37
Q

which are alpha hemolytic?

A

green ring
S. pneumoniae (catalaste -, optochin sensitive)
S. viridans (catalase -, optochin resistant)

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38
Q

which are beta hemolytic?

A

S. aureus (catalase +, coagulase +)
S. pyogens (catalase -, bacitracin sensitive)
S. agalactiae (catalse -, bacitracin resistant)
Listeria (tumbling motilitly)

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39
Q

S. pneumonia is the MCC of what?

A

meningitis
otitis media
pneumonia
sinusitis

40
Q

C. diptheriae acronym

A 
ABCDEFG
A- ADP ribosylation
B- beta prophage/black colonies 
C- cystine-tellurite agar
D- diptheriae toxin 
EF- elongation factor 2
G- granules
41
Q

What produces spores?

A 
B. anthracis
B. cereus (food poisoning)
C. botulinum
C. difficile 
C. perfringens (gas gangrene)
C. tetani
C. burnetti  (Q-fever)
42
Q

which beta hemolytic strep is PYR +

A 
Strep pyogens (A)
Strep agalactiae (B) is PYR-
43
Q

What feature is unique to B. anthracis

A

polypeptide capsule containing D-glutamate

44
Q

B. cereus

A

food poisoning -> reheated rice syndrome
nausea and vomiting 1-5hrs
diarrea 8-18 hrs

45
Q

Listeria

A 
facultative intracellular 
dairy and deli products (likes cold temps)
rocket tails 
tumbling motility 
ONLY gram + to produce endotoxin
46
Q

Actinomyces vs nocardia

A

both gram +
nocardia weakly acid fast
actinomyces are normal oral flora, nocardia in soil
actinomyces causes oral/facial abscesses w/yellow sulfur granules
nocardia causes pulmonary infections and wound infections

47
Q

Tx of actinomyces and nocardia

A

SNAP
sulfonamides- nocardia
actinomyces- penicillin

48
Q

what test has fewer false + then PPD?

A

INF-y release assay (IGRA)

49
Q

Which gram - are comma shaped?

A

Campylobacter (grows at 42 degrees)
V. cholerae (grows in alkaline media, people on protein pump inhibitors at risk)
H. pylori (produces urease)
these are also oxidase +

50
Q

which gram - are diplococci?

A

N. MeninGitidis (ferments Maltose and Glucose)
N. Gonorrhoeae (only ferments Glucose)
also N. meningitidis has polysaccharide capsule and gonorrheae does NOT

51
Q

which gram - are pleomorphic?

A 
aka coccoid rods
H. influenza (needs factor V and X)
pasturella (animal bites)
brucella 
B. pertusis
52
Q

which gram - rods are lactose fermenters?

A 
Test with MacConKEEs
Citrobacter (slow fermenter)
Kelbsiella
E. coli
Enterobacter
Serratia (slow fermenter)
53
Q

which gram - rods do not ferment lactose and are oxidase +?

A

pseudomonas

54
Q

which gram - rods do not ferment lactose and are oxidase -?

A

Salmonella
Proteus
Yersinia
Shigella (does not produce H2S, the above do)

55
Q

what syndrome can N. gonorrheae cause?

A

Fitz-hugh curtis

56
Q

what syndrome can N. meningitidis cause?

A

Waterhouse friderichsen

57
Q

what grows on chocolate agar?

A

H. influenza

58
Q

what enterics invade lymph?

A

Salmonella typhii and Yersinia pestis

59
Q

what enteric invades mucosa

A

shigella

EIEC

60
Q

legionella

A 
Legionnaire with SILVER helmet sitting around a campfire with his IRON dagger he is no SISSY
-Silver stain
-grow on Charcoal with Fe and cysteine 
Ag in urine
legonaires disease and pontiac fever
61
Q

Pseudomonas

A 
produces pyocyanin (blue-green)
grape like odor
produces endotoxin and exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2 like diptheriae toxin)
burn victims
62
Q

ecthyma gangrenosum

A

rapidly progressive necrotic cutaneous lesion caused by psuedomonas usually in immunocompromised

63
Q

EPEC

A

no toxin produced

usually in Peds

64
Q

how can you distinguish EHEC from other E. coli

A

does NOT ferment sorbitol

65
Q

unique features of Salmonella typhi

A 
humans only
Vi capsule endotoxin
primarily monocytes respond
Oral vaccine of live attenuated
IM vaccine w/Vi Ag
constipation precedes diarrhea 
pseudoappendicitis
66
Q

Yersinia enterolitica

A

transmitted from pet feces, contaminated milk or pork

pseudoappendicitis

67
Q

H. pylori

A

increased risk for ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT lymphoma
urea breath test or fecal Ag for Dx
Tx w/triple therapy (PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin)

68
Q

Weil disease

A

lepto

severe form with jaundice and azotemia d/t liver and renal dysfnx, fever, hemorrhage, anemia

69
Q

VDRL

A 
for syphilis
False +:
Viral infections
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Lupus and Leprosy
70
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn

A

flu-like syndrome after initiation of abx for syphilis

71
Q

Anaplasma

A

Anaplasmosis

Ixodes ticks

72
Q

Bartonella

A

Cat scratch fever

bacillary angiomatosis

73
Q

B. burgdorferi

A

Lyme

Ixodes tick

74
Q

B. recurrentis

A

relapsing fever

Louse

75
Q

Brucella

A

Brucellosis/undulant fever

unpasturized dairy

76
Q

Campylobacter

A

Bloddy diarrhea

puppies, livestock

77
Q

Chlamdophila psittaci

A

psittacossi

parrots and other birds

78
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

Q fever

aerosols of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid

79
Q

Erlichia chaffeensis

A

Ehrlichiosis

ambylomma (lone star tick)

80
Q

Fracisella tularensis

A

tularemia

ticks, rabbits, deer fly

81
Q

Letpospira

A

Letospirosis

animal urine

82
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

leprosy

armadillo

83
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A

cellulitis, osteomyelitis

animal bite, cats, dogs

84
Q

Rickettsia prowazekki

A

epidemic tuphus

louse

85
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A 
RMSF
dermacentor (dog) tick
86
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

endemi typhus

fleas

87
Q

Salmonella

A

diarrhea, vomiting, fever, cramps

reptiles and poultry

88
Q

Yersinia pestis

A 
plague
fleas (rats and prairie dogs are reservoirs)
89
Q

RMSF

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

rash starts at wrists, ankles then spreads

90
Q

Typhus

A

endemic- fleas R. typhi
epidemic- louse R. prowazekii
rash starts centrally and moves out

91
Q

ehrilichiosis

A

ehrichia

monocytes w/morulae (berry like inclusions)

92
Q

anaplasmosis

A

granulocytes w/morulae

93
Q

Q-fever

A

C. burnetii
spores
most common cause of culture neg endocarditis

94
Q

what organisms cause a rash that starts on palms and soles?

A

Coxackievirus A
RMSF
Secondary syphilis

95
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis type A, B, C

A

chronic infections cause blindness d/t follicular conjunctivitis in Africa

96
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K

A

urethritis/PID
neonatal pneumonia w/eosinophilia
neonatal conjuctivits

97
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis types L1-3

A

Lymphograuloma venereum

small painless ulcers on genitals w/swollen painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerate

Step I (22 decks)

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