Viruse Flashcards
Introduction
Virus —- RNA + protein ✔️
Virion — RNA + no protein ❎
Prion — only protein ☑️
-Virus are intracellular parasite
-they take over the machinery
-non-living
- virus ( DNA 🧬 / RNA )
- non cellular
- reproduce only in living cells
- study of virus — virology
- obligate parasite ( depends on host )
- too small to be seen under simple microscope 🔬
Virus range in size from ?
20 nm - 250 nnm ( stb )
Who modified Whittaker scheme ?
L.margulis and k Schwartz
What are viriods ??
_Complete mature infectious particle ( ss RNA )
_Extra cellular
_Without protein coat
_ infect plants 🌵☘️
_disrupt the metabolism and stunt the growth
What are prions ??
_Only protein that cause infection
_ misfolded form of protein
_ caused brain degenerative disease i.e madcow disease
Virus size= prion size > Viriod
What are homologous organisms?
Origin —- same
Function — different
E.G
@Flipper of whale 🐳
@wings of bat 🦇
@forelimb of cat 😺
@forearm of man 👞
Main tool in classifying organisms is
Genetics 🧬
What is Cytology ?
Study on cell ( basis )
( mdcat ) What is the basic unit of biological classification?
Specie
Ranking according to Taxonomic hierarchy
Kingdom
|
Phylum
|
Class
|
Order
|
Family
|
Genus
|
Specie
Closely related specie are grouped together into ?
Genera
What is taxonomic hierarchy?
The ascending series of successively larger , more inclusive , groups make up the taxonomic hierarchy
What is taxon ?
Grouping of each organism with in hierarchy
Which has the following properties:
@Host specificity
@resistance to antibiotics
@unable to grow on artificial media
Virus 🦠
Poliomyelitis caused by :
Polio virus ( crippling disease)
Cold is caused by
Rhino virus ( infection of upper respiratory tract )
Encephalitis / yellow fever 🤒 and dengue is caused by :
Arbo virus ( Arthropod - borne virus ) ( insects )
Aids is caused by
HIV (retro virus ) ( ssRNA ) ( 1985 )
Rabies caused by ?
Rhabdo virus
Measles and mumps caused by :
Paramyxovirus
Hepatitis is the inflammation of ?
Liver
Name the ssDNA
Bacteriophage
Parvo virus
Name the dsDNA virus :
✓Hep B ( circular dsDNA )
✓ Herpes ( oral and genital )
✓ chicken 🐔 pox ( VZV / varcilla zoster virus )
✓pox viridae ( small pox )
Name the + ssRNA virus
HIV ( diploid ss RNA )
Flu
Hep A / C / E
Picorna virus
Rubella virus
TMV
Rhino virus
Name the -ssRNA ?
Influenza
Rabies
Measles
Mumps
Name the dsRNA Virus:
✓ Reo virus
✓ Rota virus
Master - slave cycle is called ?
Lytic cycle
A virus that produce only by a lytic cycle is called ?
Virulent virus
Steps of lytic cycle
✓ Infection { Attach with tail fiber } T4 phage ( virus ) E.coli ( bacteria )
✓ DNA enter
✓nucleoid break — bacteria { empty capsid = left as ghost 👻 }
✓Copy DNA / copy protein
✓Lysis { release 100 - 200 particle }
This cycle cultiminates in the death 💀 of host cell
Host - guest relationship is in ?
Lysogenic cycle ( cell - destroy ❎ )
Viruses that are capable of both modes of reproduction within a bacterium are called :
Temperate virus
Steps of lysogenic cycle
Infection —- multiply and divide
prophage { virus DNA + bacteria nucleoid } ( DNA combine ) —- induction { lysogenic - terminate / lytic - start }— viral DNA replication — viral protein synthesis — Assembly — lysis
Virus { temperate phage called lambda Y }
Polio and Rhino virus
++ssRNA
No enveloped
Examples :
Polio and Cold 🥶
Hep A and C
+ssRNA
Enveloped
E.g
Yellow 🟡 fever 🤒
Encephalitis
Leukemia
Rhabdo and pox virus
-ssRNA
Enveloped
E.g
Flu🤧
Measles
Mumps
Rabies
Retro virus 🦠
dsDNA ( hep B )
ssRNA ( HIV )
Enveloped
E g
HIV , AIDS
Reo virus
dsRNA
E.g
Colarado tick fever
Parvo virus ( small genome ) ( 20nm )
DNA virus
(ssDNA )
E.g viral hepatitis and wartZ
Herpes virus ( medium and large genome )
dsDNA
Enveloped
E.g herpes shingles, cancer , pox
Aids and it’s stages :
Asymphotonic
Aids related complex
Full blown aids
Aids affects ?
Brain cells 🧠
Symptoms in Asymptonic Aids
Fever🤒
Chills
Diarrhea
Lymph infection
Symptoms gradually disappear 😶🌫️
Symptoms in Aids related complex :
Weightloss
Sweating 🥵
Lymph nodulation
Symptoms in full blown aids
Severe weight loss
Opportunistic diseases
( Pneumonia, Kaposi sarcoma { skin cancer } weight loss , fever 🤒 , dementia , diarrhoea ,
Septicemia { blood poisoning }
Life cycle of Aids
Primary Host of HIV are macrophages and lymphocytes
Host : ( T4 cells ) ( w.b.c.s) ( helper T cells)
< Chemokinase receptor
< CD4 protein
HIV virus —- gp - 120
Gp - 41 —- membrane fusion/ cell fusion
Name the steps involved in Aids :
- Attachment/Adorpsorbtion
- Penetration and uncoating
3.Rev transcription { ssRNA—C.DNA}
4.Breakdown { viral RNA }
5.replication { ssRNA —dsDna }
- Integration { Integrase — viral DNA 🧬 enter in nucleus
- Pro virus { integrated DNA }
- Transcription { DNA — RNA }
- Biosynthesis { mRNA and gRna }
- Protein formation
- Mature
- Release
Drug for AIDs ?
Azt { azidothymine }
Zidovudine (1987 )
Ribovarein
Sumarin ( antiparasitic drug )
Transmission of Aids occurs due to :
Syringe 💉/ needle 🧵
Blood transfusion
Sexual contact
Body fluid
Pregnancy
Hep A is caused by ?
Contact with faeces
ssRNA / non enveloped
Hep b is also called?
Serum hepatitis
dsDna / enveloped
Hep c is caused by:
Blood transfusion/mother — child/ pregnancy
Ss RNA / enveloped
Hep d is called :
Delta virus 🦠
Hep E is due to :
ssRNA
Water 🌊 💦 — transmit
Whitakker classification is based on how many criteria ?
2 - criteria
✓ cellular organization
✓mode of nutrition
