Viruse Flashcards by Syed M Abbas

Introduction

Virus —- RNA + protein ✔️
Virion — RNA + no protein ❎
Prion — only protein ☑️

-Virus are intracellular parasite
-they take over the machinery
-non-living
- virus ( DNA 🧬 / RNA )
- non cellular
- reproduce only in living cells
- study of virus — virology
- obligate parasite ( depends on host )
- too small to be seen under simple microscope 🔬

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Virus range in size from ?

20 nm - 250 nnm ( stb )

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Who modified Whittaker scheme ?

L.margulis and k Schwartz

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What are viriods ??

_Complete mature infectious particle ( ss RNA )

_Extra cellular

_Without protein coat

_ infect plants 🌵☘️

_disrupt the metabolism and stunt the growth

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What are prions ??

_Only protein that cause infection

_ misfolded form of protein

_ caused brain degenerative disease i.e madcow disease

Virus size= prion size > Viriod

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What are homologous organisms?

Origin —- same
Function — different

E.G
@Flipper of whale 🐳
@wings of bat 🦇
@forelimb of cat 😺
@forearm of man 👞

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Main tool in classifying organisms is

Genetics 🧬

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What is Cytology ?

Study on cell ( basis )

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( mdcat ) What is the basic unit of biological classification?

Specie

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Ranking according to Taxonomic hierarchy

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Closely related specie are grouped together into ?

Genera

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What is taxonomic hierarchy?

The ascending series of successively larger , more inclusive , groups make up the taxonomic hierarchy

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What is taxon ?

Grouping of each organism with in hierarchy

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Which has the following properties:
@Host specificity
@resistance to antibiotics
@unable to grow on artificial media

Virus 🦠

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Poliomyelitis caused by :

Polio virus ( crippling disease)

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Cold is caused by

Rhino virus ( infection of upper respiratory tract )

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Encephalitis / yellow fever 🤒 and dengue is caused by :

Arbo virus ( Arthropod - borne virus ) ( insects )

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Aids is caused by

HIV (retro virus ) ( ssRNA ) ( 1985 )

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Rabies caused by ?

Rhabdo virus

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Measles and mumps caused by :

Paramyxovirus

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Hepatitis is the inflammation of ?

Liver

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Name the ssDNA

Bacteriophage
Parvo virus

Name the dsDNA virus :

✓Hep B ( circular dsDNA )
✓ Herpes ( oral and genital )
✓ chicken 🐔 pox ( VZV / varcilla zoster virus )
✓pox viridae ( small pox )

Name the + ssRNA virus

HIV ( diploid ss RNA )
Flu
Hep A / C / E
Picorna virus
Rubella virus
TMV
Rhino virus

Name the -ssRNA ?

Influenza Rabies Measles Mumps

Name the dsRNA Virus:

✓ Reo virus ✓ Rota virus

Master - slave cycle is called ?

Lytic cycle

A virus that produce only by a lytic cycle is called ?

Virulent virus

Steps of lytic cycle

✓ Infection { Attach with tail fiber } T4 phage ( virus ) E.coli ( bacteria ) ✓ DNA enter ✓nucleoid break --- bacteria { empty capsid = left as ghost 👻 } ✓Copy DNA / copy protein ✓Lysis { release 100 - 200 particle } This cycle cultiminates in the death 💀 of host cell

Host - guest relationship is in ?

Lysogenic cycle ( cell - destroy ❎ )

Viruses that are capable of both modes of reproduction within a bacterium are called :

Temperate virus

Steps of lysogenic cycle

Infection ---- multiply and divide prophage { virus DNA + bacteria nucleoid } ( DNA combine ) ---- induction { lysogenic - terminate / lytic - start }--- viral DNA replication --- viral protein synthesis --- Assembly --- lysis Virus { temperate phage called lambda Y }

Polio and Rhino virus

++ssRNA No enveloped Examples : Polio and Cold 🥶

Hep A and C

+ssRNA Enveloped E.g Yellow 🟡 fever 🤒 Encephalitis Leukemia

Rhabdo and pox virus

-ssRNA Enveloped E.g Flu🤧 Measles Mumps Rabies

Retro virus 🦠

dsDNA ( hep B ) ssRNA ( HIV ) Enveloped E g HIV , AIDS

Reo virus

dsRNA E.g Colarado tick fever

Parvo virus ( small genome ) ( 20nm )

DNA virus (ssDNA ) E.g viral hepatitis and wartZ

Herpes virus ( medium and large genome )

dsDNA Enveloped E.g herpes shingles, cancer , pox

Aids and it's stages :

Asymphotonic Aids related complex Full blown aids

Aids affects ?

Brain cells 🧠

Symptoms in Asymptonic Aids

Fever🤒 Chills Diarrhea Lymph infection Symptoms gradually disappear 😶‍🌫️

Symptoms in Aids related complex :

Weightloss Sweating 🥵 Lymph nodulation

Symptoms in full blown aids

Severe weight loss Opportunistic diseases ( Pneumonia, Kaposi sarcoma { skin cancer } weight loss , fever 🤒 , dementia , diarrhoea , Septicemia { blood poisoning }

Life cycle of Aids

Primary Host of HIV are macrophages and lymphocytes Host : ( T4 cells ) ( w.b.c.s) ( helper T cells) < Chemokinase receptor < CD4 protein HIV virus ---- gp - 120 Gp - 41 ---- membrane fusion/ cell fusion

Name the steps involved in Aids :

1. Attachment/Adorpsorbtion 2. Penetration and uncoating 3.Rev transcription { ssRNA---C.DNA} 4.Breakdown { viral RNA } 5.replication { ssRNA ---dsDna } 6. Integration { Integrase --- viral DNA 🧬 enter in nucleus 7. Pro virus { integrated DNA } 8. Transcription { DNA --- RNA } 9. Biosynthesis { mRNA and gRna } 10. Protein formation 11. Mature 12. Release

Drug for AIDs ?

Azt { azidothymine } Zidovudine (1987 ) Ribovarein Sumarin ( antiparasitic drug )

Transmission of Aids occurs due to :

Syringe 💉/ needle 🧵 Blood transfusion Sexual contact Body fluid Pregnancy

Hep A is caused by ?

Contact with faeces ssRNA / non enveloped

Hep b is also called?

Serum hepatitis dsDna / enveloped

Hep c is caused by:

Blood transfusion/mother --- child/ pregnancy Ss RNA / enveloped

Hep d is called :

Delta virus 🦠

Hep E is due to :

ssRNA Water 🌊 💦 --- transmit

Whitakker classification is based on how many criteria ?

2 - criteria ✓ cellular organization ✓mode of nutrition