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Biology > Viruse > Flashcards

Viruse Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Introduction

A

Virus —- RNA + protein ✔️
Virion — RNA + no protein ❎
Prion — only protein ☑️

-Virus are intracellular parasite
-they take over the machinery
-non-living
- virus ( DNA 🧬 / RNA )
- non cellular
- reproduce only in living cells
- study of virus — virology
- obligate parasite ( depends on host )
- too small to be seen under simple microscope 🔬

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2
Q

Virus range in size from ?

A

20 nm - 250 nnm ( stb )

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3
Q

Who modified Whittaker scheme ?

A

L.margulis and k Schwartz

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4
Q

What are viriods ??

A

_Complete mature infectious particle ( ss RNA )

_Extra cellular

_Without protein coat

_ infect plants 🌵☘️

_disrupt the metabolism and stunt the growth

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5
Q

What are prions ??

A

_Only protein that cause infection

_ misfolded form of protein

_ caused brain degenerative disease i.e madcow disease

Virus size= prion size > Viriod

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6
Q

What are homologous organisms?

A

Origin —- same
Function — different

E.G
@Flipper of whale 🐳
@wings of bat 🦇
@forelimb of cat 😺
@forearm of man 👞

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7
Q

Main tool in classifying organisms is

A

Genetics 🧬

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8
Q

What is Cytology ?

A

Study on cell ( basis )

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9
Q

( mdcat ) What is the basic unit of biological classification?

A

Specie

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10
Q

Ranking according to Taxonomic hierarchy

A

Kingdom
|
Phylum
|
Class
|
Order
|
Family
|
Genus
|
Specie

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11
Q

Closely related specie are grouped together into ?

A

Genera

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12
Q

What is taxonomic hierarchy?

A

The ascending series of successively larger , more inclusive , groups make up the taxonomic hierarchy

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13
Q

What is taxon ?

A

Grouping of each organism with in hierarchy

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14
Q

Which has the following properties:
@Host specificity
@resistance to antibiotics
@unable to grow on artificial media

A

Virus 🦠

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15
Q

Poliomyelitis caused by :

A

Polio virus ( crippling disease)

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16
Q

Cold is caused by

A

Rhino virus ( infection of upper respiratory tract )

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17
Q

Encephalitis / yellow fever 🤒 and dengue is caused by :

A

Arbo virus ( Arthropod - borne virus ) ( insects )

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18
Q

Aids is caused by

A

HIV (retro virus ) ( ssRNA ) ( 1985 )

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19
Q

Rabies caused by ?

A

Rhabdo virus

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20
Q

Measles and mumps caused by :

A

Paramyxovirus

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21
Q

Hepatitis is the inflammation of ?

A

Liver

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22
Q

Name the ssDNA

A

Bacteriophage
Parvo virus

23
Q

Name the dsDNA virus :

A

✓Hep B ( circular dsDNA )
✓ Herpes ( oral and genital )
✓ chicken 🐔 pox ( VZV / varcilla zoster virus )
✓pox viridae ( small pox )

24
Q

Name the + ssRNA virus

A

HIV ( diploid ss RNA )
Flu
Hep A / C / E
Picorna virus
Rubella virus
TMV
Rhino virus

25
Q

Name the -ssRNA ?

A

Influenza
Rabies
Measles
Mumps

26
Q

Name the dsRNA Virus:

A

✓ Reo virus
✓ Rota virus

27
Q

Master - slave cycle is called ?

A

Lytic cycle

28
Q

A virus that produce only by a lytic cycle is called ?

A

Virulent virus

29
Q

Steps of lytic cycle

A

✓ Infection { Attach with tail fiber } T4 phage ( virus ) E.coli ( bacteria )

✓ DNA enter

✓nucleoid break — bacteria { empty capsid = left as ghost 👻 }

✓Copy DNA / copy protein

✓Lysis { release 100 - 200 particle }

This cycle cultiminates in the death 💀 of host cell

30
Q

Host - guest relationship is in ?

A

Lysogenic cycle ( cell - destroy ❎ )

31
Q

Viruses that are capable of both modes of reproduction within a bacterium are called :

A

Temperate virus

32
Q

Steps of lysogenic cycle

A

Infection —- multiply and divide
prophage { virus DNA + bacteria nucleoid } ( DNA combine ) —- induction { lysogenic - terminate / lytic - start }— viral DNA replication — viral protein synthesis — Assembly — lysis

Virus { temperate phage called lambda Y }

33
Q

Polio and Rhino virus

A

++ssRNA
No enveloped

Examples :
Polio and Cold 🥶

34
Q

Hep A and C

A

+ssRNA
Enveloped

E.g
Yellow 🟡 fever 🤒
Encephalitis
Leukemia

35
Q

Rhabdo and pox virus

A

-ssRNA
Enveloped

E.g
Flu🤧
Measles
Mumps
Rabies

36
Q

Retro virus 🦠

A

dsDNA ( hep B )
ssRNA ( HIV )
Enveloped

E g
HIV , AIDS

37
Q

Reo virus

A

dsRNA
E.g
Colarado tick fever

38
Q

Parvo virus ( small genome ) ( 20nm )

A

DNA virus
(ssDNA )

E.g viral hepatitis and wartZ

39
Q

Herpes virus ( medium and large genome )

A

dsDNA
Enveloped

E.g herpes shingles, cancer , pox

40
Q

Aids and it’s stages :

A

Asymphotonic
Aids related complex
Full blown aids

41
Q

Aids affects ?

A

Brain cells 🧠

42
Q

Symptoms in Asymptonic Aids

A

Fever🤒
Chills
Diarrhea
Lymph infection

Symptoms gradually disappear 😶‍🌫️

43
Q

Symptoms in Aids related complex :

A

Weightloss
Sweating 🥵
Lymph nodulation

44
Q

Symptoms in full blown aids

A

Severe weight loss
Opportunistic diseases

( Pneumonia, Kaposi sarcoma { skin cancer } weight loss , fever 🤒 , dementia , diarrhoea ,
Septicemia { blood poisoning }

45
Q

Life cycle of Aids

A

Primary Host of HIV are macrophages and lymphocytes

Host : ( T4 cells ) ( w.b.c.s) ( helper T cells)

< Chemokinase receptor
< CD4 protein

HIV virus —- gp - 120

Gp - 41 —- membrane fusion/ cell fusion

46
Q

Name the steps involved in Aids :

A
  1. Attachment/Adorpsorbtion
  2. Penetration and uncoating

3.Rev transcription { ssRNA—C.DNA}

4.Breakdown { viral RNA }

5.replication { ssRNA —dsDna }

  1. Integration { Integrase — viral DNA 🧬 enter in nucleus
  2. Pro virus { integrated DNA }
  3. Transcription { DNA — RNA }
  4. Biosynthesis { mRNA and gRna }
  5. Protein formation
  6. Mature
  7. Release
47
Q

Drug for AIDs ?

A

Azt { azidothymine }

Zidovudine (1987 )

Ribovarein

Sumarin ( antiparasitic drug )

48
Q

Transmission of Aids occurs due to :

A

Syringe 💉/ needle 🧵
Blood transfusion
Sexual contact
Body fluid
Pregnancy

49
Q

Hep A is caused by ?

A

Contact with faeces
ssRNA / non enveloped

50
Q

Hep b is also called?

A

Serum hepatitis
dsDna / enveloped

51
Q

Hep c is caused by:

A

Blood transfusion/mother — child/ pregnancy

Ss RNA / enveloped

52
Q

Hep d is called :

A

Delta virus 🦠

53
Q

Hep E is due to :

A

ssRNA

Water 🌊 💦 — transmit

54
Q

Whitakker classification is based on how many criteria ?

A

2 - criteria

✓ cellular organization
✓mode of nutrition

Biology (20 decks)

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