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Biology > Bacteria 🦠 > Flashcards

Bacteria 🦠 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacteria range in size from :

A

0.2 - 2U ( breath )
2 - 10U ( length )

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2
Q

Smallest bacteria 🧫

A

Mycoplasma

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3
Q

Mycoplasma range in size from ?

A

100-200nm

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4
Q

Cell wall is absent in ?

A

Mycoplasma

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5
Q

Archaeo bacteria donot contain ?

A

Peptigoglycan

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6
Q

Size of bacteria 🧫 in single dimension🔅

A

0.1 - 600 nm

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7
Q

Cell wall 🧱

A
  • rigid
  • determines shape
  • protects from osmotic lysis
  • made up of peptigoglycan
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8
Q

Who developed the technique of gram staining?

A

Christian Gram 💕

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9
Q

Role of capsule :

A

Adherence of bacteria 🦠🧫
Polysaccharide+protein

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10
Q

Which provides pathogenicity and protects from phagocytosis?

A

Slime capsule

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11
Q

Flagella function :

A

▶️ no microtubules

▶️ Flagellin — protein

▶️ Spin movement ( 360°) +ve and -ve

▶️ Helps in motility

▶️ Originate from basal body , a structure beneath cell membrane

▶️ rigid

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12
Q

Nucleoid function :

A

Single , circular dsDNA

Total abscence of nuclear membrane , nucleoplasm , nucleolus o.

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13
Q

Mesosomes function?

A

✓invagination of cell membrane

✓in the form of vescicles , lamellae , tubules

✓ replication , cell - division , respiration , export of enzyme , photosynthesis , nitrogen fixation

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14
Q

Plasmid function

A

✓small fragment of extra genetic material dsDNA

✓serves as vectors for genetic engineering

✓ ribosomes —- ☑️

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15
Q

Pilli function

A

🦪 hollow , filamentous appendages smaller than flagella

🦪 It helps in conjugation

🦪 Made up of special protein — pilin

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16
Q

The structure which allows bacterium to survive extended period of heat / dryness ?

A

Endospore

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17
Q

Cell membrane function:

A

✓Lies inside cell wall ( Lipid+ protein )

✓act as respiratory structure as mitochondria is absent ❎

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18
Q

Shapes of Bacteria 🦠🧫

A

✔️ cocci ( non - flagellated )

❤️ Monococcus ⚪

❤️ Diplococcus 🟢🟢 (pair / two)

❤️ Tetrad (4 )🔘🔘🔘🔘

❤️ Streptococcus (chain like ) ⛓️

❤️ Staphylococci (grape like )🍇

❤️sarcina (octet) 🎱

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19
Q

Examples of shapes of Bacteria :

A

💮 vibrio / comma – vibrio cholera

💮 Cocci —- Streptococcus Pneumoni / neisseria meningitidis a

💮Bacilli —- E.coli /Pseudomonas

💮spirilla : Treponema palladium

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20
Q

Phases of Growth

A

Notepad

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21
Q

enzyme present in alimentary canal bacteria of herbivores which help in the digestion of cellulose is ?

A

Cellulase ( present in appendix or in caecum of goat )

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22
Q

Who discovered technique of conjugation

A

Laderburg and Tatum ( 1946 )

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23
Q

Who discovered technique of transduction ?

A

Laderburg and zinder ( 1952 )

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24
Q

Transformation technique was discovered by

A

Fred Griffith ( 1928 )

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25
Q

Riboflavin is discovered by

A

Clostridium

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26
Q

Pathogenic bacteria considered as

A

Invisible enemies of men

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27
Q

E.coli is used in / as ?

A

🌼 Insulin

🌼 Growth hormones

28
Q

Sexually transmitted diseases are transferred through

A

👉Blood fluid
👉 saliva
👉body fluid
👉reproductive ejacuation

29
Q

E.coli is found in ?

A

Intestine

30
Q

Moist heat help in

A

Coagulation of protein

31
Q

Dry heat help in ?

A

Oxidation of chemical constituents

32
Q

First antibiotic discovered from ?

A

Fungi ( 1940 ) —- penicillin

33
Q

Nucleoid is visible in light microscope after staining with

A

Feulgen stain

34
Q

Dormant thick wall desiccation resistant body is

A

Cyst

35
Q

Bacterial spore are ?

A

👻 heat resistant

👻 desiccation resistant

👻 May be Endo /exo spore

36
Q

Prokaryotes has ?

A

70s ribosomes

37
Q

Eukaryotes have

A

80s ribosomes

38
Q

Streptomycin is used :

A

Against bacterial infection

39
Q

Athlete’s foot is caused by ?

A

Fungus

40
Q

Example of aerobic bacteria

A

Pseudomonas

41
Q

Example of anaerobic bacteria

A

Spirochete

42
Q

Example of facultative bacteria

A

E coli

43
Q

Example of microaerofilic bacteria

A

Camphylo bacter

44
Q

Gram positive have thickness

A

20-80nm

45
Q

Gram Negative have thickness

A

8-11nm

46
Q

Chemical used on living tissues that inhibit the growth of microorganisms

A

Antiseptics

47
Q

Oxidizing and reducing agents which inhibit the growth and use on non living organism are

A

Disinfectant

48
Q

Example of symbiotic bacteria is

A

E.g
Rhizobium radicuola — occurring as symbiont in nodulated roots of leguminous plants ☘️🌵 E.g pisum sativum

49
Q

Spirillum is ?

A

Thick / rigid / spiral

50
Q

Spirochete is ?

A

Thin / flexible / spiral

51
Q

Cell envelope of bacteria includes

A

{ capsule , slime , cell wall 🧱 }

52
Q

What are chemotherapytic agent

A

Chemicals and antibiotics ( vaccines ) destroy natural defense and stop the growth of bacteria microbes

53
Q

Which are used in sterilization process

A

Gamma rays

54
Q

Permanent discloration of teeth is caused by

A

Tetracycline

55
Q

Darkly stained nucleus

A

Lactobacillus

56
Q

Heat sensitive / antibiotics sterilized by ?

A

Membrane filters

57
Q

Edward Jenner discovered vaccine against ( 1796 )

A

Small pox

58
Q

The S in 70 or 80 ribosomes stands for ?

A

Svedburg

59
Q

Which is used as nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture and for inreasing soil fertility

A

Nostoc anabena

60
Q

Intestinal disorder occurs in ?

A

Typhoid

61
Q

Bacterial cell wall lack

A

Cholesterol

62
Q

UHS :

Q) when the division of cells in three planes the arrangement is known as ?

A

Sarcina

63
Q

Gut living symbiont e.coli is found ?

A

Rod shaped

64
Q

Treatment by using attenuated culture of bacteria

A

Vaccination

65
Q

Name the nutrition resulted by feeding on dead and decay matter

A

Saprophytic

66
Q

Functionally measosomes can be compared with?

A

Mitochondria

67
Q

The structure which contain gene for drug resistance in bacteria are

A

Plasmid

Biology (20 decks)

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