Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Biomolecule > Flashcards

Biomolecule Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of biology which explains biochemical basis of life is called ?

A

Biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Living portion of cell is ?

A

Protoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Protoplasm contains ?

A

70-90% water 💦

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If the water 🌊 is evaporated , the remaining mass is called ?

A

Dry weight of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Compounds produced by living organisms are called ?

A

Biochemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which elements make up most of the biochemicals ?

A

Six elements make up most ( 98%) of biochemicals :

✓ Carbon ( C )
✓Hydrogen ( H )
✓Nitrogen ( N )
✓Oxygen ( O )
✓Phosphorous (P)
✓Sulphur ( S )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which is the most abundant component in living cell ?

A

Water ( 70 -90 % )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water is a —- molecule

A

Polar { it has slightly negative end — the O2 atom / very slightly positive end — the hydrogen atom }

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemical formula of water 💦

A

H20 ( two atoms of hydrogen are joined to one atom of Oxygen )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Separation of electrical charges is called ?

A

Dipole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Properties of water

A

☑️ shows hydrogen bonding

☑️

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Molecules containing carbon as basic element bounded covalently with hydrogen atom are called?

A

Organic molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Molecules which donot contain carbon as an basic element or in which hydrogen is not directly bounded with carbon are called?

A

Inorganic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carbon

A

✔️ valency : 4

✔️ atomic no : 6

✔️tetravalent

✔️ Ability of carbon to bond itself with other atoms is called “ catenation “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chemical bonds which are formed by the loss and gain of electrons are called?

A

Ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chemical bonds which are formed by the sharing of electrons are called ?

A

Covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The joining of two monomers is called?

A

Condensation ( dehydration synthesis )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Macro molecules are broken into monomers by the process of hydrolysis with the help of ?

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reverse of condensation is called ?

A

Hydrolysis ( hydration )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A process during which polymers are broken down into the sub units (monomers) by the addition of water is called ?

A

Hydrolysis ( hydration )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Structural component of plasma membrane ?

A

✓ Glycolipids ( carbohydrates+ lipid)

✓ Glycoprotein ( carbohydrates + protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Basic structural framework of all types of membrane is made up of ?

A

Lipoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glycolipids are also known as ?

A

Cerobrosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

They are important constituent of brain 🧠

A

Glycolipids / cerebroside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Glycolipids and sulpholipids are found commonly in ?
Chloroplast
26
Mucoids is another name for ?
Glycoprotein
27
Conjugated of lipid and carbohydrates ?
Glycolipids
28
Conjugate of nucleic acid and protein ?
Nucleoprotein
29
Conjugate of lipid and protein ?
Lipoproteins
30
Conjugate of carbohydrates and protein?
Glycoproteins
31
Most of the oligo polysaccharides in animals and plants are linked covalently to protein molecules and are called ?
Glycoproteins
32
Glyco proteins are found in ?
✓ Egg albumin 🥚 🍳 ✓ gonadotrophic hormone ( fsh and Lh ) ✓ in the cell membrane
33
On hydrolysis , nucleoprotein give rise to ?
Nucleic acid + protein
34
Glycoproteins contain small amount of carbohydrate i.e less than ?
4%
35
Prosthetic groups of lipoprotein?
Lecithin and cholesterol 🍕🧀
36
They are an important component of membrane of mitochondria/ ER / Nucleus ?
Lipoproteins
37
ETS in mitochondria also contain large amount of ?
Lipoproteins
38
Examples of lipoproteins?
💀 Lamellar lipoprotein system occuring in myelin sheath of nerves 💀 photoreceptive structures 💀 Chloroplast 💀 Membrane of bacteria 🧫🦠
39
Weakly acid and soluble in water 💦
Nucleoproteins
40
When two biomolecule of two different groups combine with each other acting as unit molecule are called
Conjugated molecule
41
Proteins
✓ polymers of Amino acid monomers ✓ specific amino acids link together in definite manner to perform a particular function
42
Proteins are complex molecules having?
C / H / O / N / P / S
43
Proteins constitute more than ?
50% of dry weight of cell
44
The name protein was suggested by ?
Berzelius ( 1838 )
45
Who recognized the importance of protein ?
Dutch chemist G.J Murder ( 1883 )
46
Building 🏢🏫 blocks of tissues?
Proteins
47
Proteins are macromolecules or polymers of
Amino acid
48
How many amino acids are found in living organisms
20 basic amino acid
49
Amino acids are linked together by specialised Bond or linkage 🔗 called
peptide linkage
50
In polypeptide chain amino acids are linked together by
Condensation process
51
During the process of protein synthesis each amino acid become join to other amino acid forming a long continuous and branch polymer called ?
Polypeptide chain
52
How many structural levels of proteins are there ?
4
53
Polypeptide chain ⛓️ having linear sequence of amino acids due to peptide bonds is called ?
Primary structure E.g Insulin
54
Polypeptide chain of minor acid become spirely coil this structure is called ?
Secondary structure E.g hairs / spiders web 🕷️🕸️
55
Which holds protein chain in spiral manner in secondary structure ?
Hydrogen and sulphide Bond
56
Secondary structure results in the formation of rigid and regular structure called ?
Helix
57
Arrangement of secondary structure into three dimensional ( fold / super fold ) structure having peptide hydrogen ionic and disulphide Bond ?
Tertiary structure E.g Lysozyme
58
The association of two or more subunits into large size molecules is called ?
Quaternary structure E.g Haemoglobin
59
Which will cause a protein causing it to lose its conformation and ability to function ?
High Temperature
60
Functions of proteins
🐼 carry out cell activities 🐼 Form main structure of cell 🐼 provide mechanical support 🐼 As enzyme ( vastly accelerate the rate of metabolic reactions ) 🐼 As hormones / growth factors / gene activators --- perform regulatory functions 🐼 As membrane receptors and transporters 🐼 Determine what type of substances should enter or leave the cells 🐼 proteins act as antigens / antibodies / fibrine
61
Ribose is found in ?
RNA nucleotides
62
Deoxyribose sugar is found in ?
DNA
63
Purine contains
Two nitrogenous bases i.e Adenine ( A ) and Guanine ( G )
64
Pyridine contains
3 nitrogenous bases i.e Cytosine (C) , Thymine (T) , Uracil ( U )
65
Ribose formula ?
C5 H10 O5
66
Deoxyribose formula ?
C5 H10 O4
67
Which is common in all nucleotides?
Phosphoric acid ... Attached with 5th carbon of pentose sugar
68
Nucleotides consists of 3 parts which are ?
✓Pentose sugar ( 5thbcarbon ) ✓phosphoric acid ( H3P04 ) ✓ nitrogenous bases
69
Formation of nucleotides
🧊 At first : nitrogenous base combines with pentose sugar at its first carbon to form a { nucleoside } 🧊 Second step : phosphoric acid combines with 5th carbon of pentose sugar to form { nucleotide } 🧊🧊🧊🧊
70
Friedrich Miescher isolated a substance from the " pus of cells " named it as ?
NUCLEIN { later named as Nucleic Acid } 🐸 has Acidic properties
71
Nucleic acid are present in free state or bound to proteins called ?
Nuclear proteins
72
Sub units or monomers of nucleic acid are ?
Mononucleotides
73
DNA is mainly found in
Chromatin of cell nucleus
74
Most of the RNA 90% is present in ------ and a little 10% is in ----
Cell cytoplasm ---- nucleolus
75
It is synthesized from ADP
ATP ( adenosine tri phosphate )
76
It is an unstable molecule and carry energy from place to place within a cell ...
ATP
77
ATP consists of
Adenosine ( Adenine and ribose sugar )
78
During the conversion of ATP into ADP , the free energy released is ?
31.8 kJ or 7.3 calorie / mol
79
Two looks you tight quality bounded together forms
Dinucleotide
80
Example of dinucleotide
NAD ( nicotine amide dinucleotide )
81
Nicotin amide is a vitamin constituent and a ?
Coenzyme
82
Function of poly nucleotide
As repostries ( storehouse ) and transmitter of genetic information
83
Which is encoded in nucleic acid molecule :
Genetic information
84
How many nucleotide make nucleic acid molecule
4 nucleotides
85
Single ring nitrogenous bases are ?
Pyrimidine
86
Double ring nitrogenous bases ?
Purines
87
ATP is a mono nucleotide and also the ?
Energy currency of cells
88
A steroid nucleus consists of ?
17 carbon atoms
89
Fibrous proteins
E.g Fibrinogen / Actin / myosin / keratin
90
Globular proteins
Enzymes / hormones / antibodies / channel proteins
91
Lipids
Four important groups ✓ Acylglycerol ( fats and oils ) ✓waxes ✓phospholipid ✓Terpenoids { Terpenes / steroids / caretenoids }
92
What is a perfect medium for biochemical reactions ?
Water
93
Water Act as a buffer ?
💦Buffer helps to prevent changes in pH of solution when an acid or alkalis added 💦 Water minimizes changes in pH
94
Specific heat capacity of water
✓Specific heat of a substance is measure of amount of energy needed to raised temperature of 1 gram of that substance by 1°C ✓specific heat capacity of water is very high , it takes a lot of energy to warm up
95
Heat of vaporization
It is due to hydrogen bonding Liquid water requires higher amount of heat energy to change into vapours that is why water needs to lose a lot of energy to form ice Content of cell is unlikely to freeze🥶
96
Cohesive force in water molecules is due to
✓ Hydrogen bonding ✓forces of attraction between similar molecules is called cohisive force
97
Macromolecule can be divided into four categories
4
98
Protein contain
Peptide bond

Biology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions