Virus- Taxonomy/Basics Flashcards
Name the only ssDNA viral genome:
Parvovirus
Name the only DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm:
Poxviridae (carries its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
Name the only dsRNA viral genome:
Reoviruses (eg, rotavirus)
Name the family of the smallest RNA viruses:
Picornaviruses
Name four families of naked RNA viruses:
CRAP:
- Calicivirus
- Reovirus
- Astrovirus
- Picornavirus
Name six medically important DNA viral families:
HHAPPPy:
- Hepadnaviridae
- Herpesviridae
- Adenoviridae
- Poxviridae
- Parvoviridae
- Papovaviridae
Name two families of circular DNA viruses:
- Papovaviridae
2. Hepadnaviridae
Name three naked DNA viruses:
PAP:
- Parvo
- Adeno
- Papov
Name two families of RNA viruses that do not replicate solely in the cytoplasm:
- Influenza viruses
2. Retroviruses
Where do most enveloped viruses acquire their membranes?
From plasma membrane (except herpesviruses—nuclear membrane)
Name four families of segmented viruses:
BOAR (all RNA viruses)
- Bunyaviridae
- Orthomyxoviridae (influenza viruses)
- Arenaviridae
- Reoviridae
Name the only diploid viruses:
Retroviruses
What types of nucleic acids do not require special enzymes to be infectious?
Those with same structure as host nucleic acids (eg, positive-stranded ssRNA and most naked dsDNA)
The virus contains its own genetic material but is coated with surface proteins from another virus, which determine its inf ectivity
Phenotypic mixing
Occurs when viruses exchange segments of their genomes
Reassortment
Occurs when a nonmutated virus assists a mutated one by making a functional gene product that serves both itself and the mutated virus
Complementation
Exchanging oligonucleotides by crossing-over within base sequences
Recombination
What type of antigenic change in the influenza virus causes epidemics?
Antigenic drift (minor changes from random mutation)
What type of antigenic change in the influenza virus causes pandemics?
Antigenic shift (reassortment of genome, including animal acquisition) (Drifting is a Slow Process, Shifting is a Rapid Process)
For each of the following vaccines, state whether it is live attenuated or killed:
Sabin Polio
Live attenuated
For each of the following vaccines, state whether it is live attenuated or killed:
Salk Polio
Killed (SalK = Killed)
For each of the following vaccines, state whether it is live attenuated or killed:
May revert to virulence
Live attenuated (very rare)
For whom is it dangerous to receive live vaccines?
Immunocompromised hosts (ie, transplant recipients, AIDS patients, and pregnant women)
