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Usmle 1 Microbiology > Bacteriology - Antibiotics > Flashcards

Bacteriology - Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Binds penicillin-binding proteins →inhibits transpeptidase → blocks cell wall synthesis; also releases autolytic enzymes (bactericidal)

A

β-Lactam antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporins, cephalomycins, carbapenems, and monobactams)

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2
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Forms reactive cytotoxic metabolites inside cell

A

Metronidazole

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3
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Binds and inactivate β-lactamase → protects antibiotic

A

β-Lactamase inhibitors

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4
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Inhibits 50S peptidyl transferase

A

Chloramphenicol

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5
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Blocks entry of aa-tRNA to 305 ribosomal complex

A

Tetracyclines

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6
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Blocks transpeptidation of D-ala Inhibits dihydrof olate reductase

A

Vancomycin

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7
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

A

Trimethoprim (TMP)

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8
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) antimetabolites →↓ dihydropteroate synthase

A

Sulfonamides

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9
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Binds to 30S subunit → block formation of 70S initiation complex → misreading of mRNA

A

Aminoglycosides

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10
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Binds to 50S subunit → inhibit translocase

A

Macrolides (erythromycin and azithromycin)

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11
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Blocks DNA topoisomerase (gyrase)

A

Quinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)

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12
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Blocks 50S peptide bond formation

A

Clindamycin

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13
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

A

Rifampin

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14
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Interferes with mycolic acid synthesis

A

INH

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15
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Bind to bacterial/fungal cell membranes → disrupt osmotic properties

A

Polymyxins

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16
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

PABA antagonist → blocks purine synthesis

A

Sulfones (dapsone and sulfoxone)

17
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Kernicterus in infants

A

Sulfonamides and ceftriaxone

18
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Interstitial nephritis

A

Penicillins

19
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Disulfiram-like reactions

A

Metronidazole, second-generation cephalosporins

20
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Photosensitivity rash

A

Doxycycline

21
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

22
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Megaloblastic anemia

23
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Hemolytic anemia in G6PD-def icient patient

A

Sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and INH

24
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Hepatotoxicity, vitamin B6 deficiency, lupuslike syndrome

A

INH (Note: ↑ t1/2 in slow acetylators)

25
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin (most common)

26
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Fanconi syndrome

A

Tetracycline (ingestion of expired drug)

27
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides

28
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Red, pruritic rash on torso with rapid IV infusion (red man syndrome)

A

Vancomycin

29
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Reversible cholestatic hepatitis; ↑ GI motility

A

Erythromycin

30
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Achilles tendonitis; cartilage damage in laboratory animals

A

Fluoroquinolones

31
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Red-orange discoloration of bodily secretions

32
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Discolors teeth; suppresses bone growth in kids

A

Tetracycline

33
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Aplastic anemia (dose independent)

A

Chloramphenicol

34
Q

Name the antibacterial drug(s) associated with each of the following unique toxicities:

Neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity

A

Polymyxins

35
Q

Name six uses for metronidazole:

A
  1. Giardia
  2. Entamoeba
  3. Trichomonas
  4. Gardnerella vaginalis
  5. Anaerobes (C. difficile, bacteroides)
  6. Helicobacter pylori (part of triple therapy)
36
Q

Which drug is used as solo prophylaxis for TB?

37
Q

How do organisms develop resistance against vancomycin?

A

D-lac (or D-ser) replaces terminal D-ala in cell wall → ↓ affinity of vancomycin for cell wall

38
Q

Name the drug(s) whose mechanism of action is described below:

Binds penicillin-binding proteins →inhibits transpeptidase → blocks cell wall synthesis; also releases autolytic enzymes (bactericidal)

A

β-Lactam antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporins, cephalomycins, carbapenems, and monobactams)

Usmle 1 Microbiology (15 decks)

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