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Usmle 1 Microbiology > Bacteriology - Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Bacteriology - Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Gram-positive rods with metachromatic granules

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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2
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Three urease (+)

A

Helicobacter pylori, Proteus, and Ureaplasma urealyticum

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3
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Aerosol transmission from environmental water source (eg, air conditioner)

A

Legionella pneumophila

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4
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Contain mycolic acid in membranes

A

Mycobacterium and Nocardia

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5
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Peptidoglycan wall lacks muramic acid

A

Chlamydiae

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6
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Produces pyocyanin (blue-green) pigment

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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7
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Produces yellow-gold pigment

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Produces reddish pigment

A

Serratia marcescens

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9
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Only bacterial membrane containing cholesterol

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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10
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Filamentous, branching rods in a cervicofacial infection

A

Actinomyces ismelii

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11
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Two forms: elementary and reticulate bodies

A

Chlamydiae

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12
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Pleomorphic gram-negative rods in “school of fish” pattern

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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13
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Clue cells on wet mount

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

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14
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

High liter of cold agglutinins (IgM)

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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15
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Two fungi-like bacteria

A

Actinomyces israelii and Nocardia asteroides

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16
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome

A

Chlamydia trachomatis or N. gonorrhea

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17
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Invades gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa → diarrhea; motile; can disseminate hematogenously

A

Salmonella

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18
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Infected dog or cat bites (or scratches)

A

Pasteurella multocida

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19
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Ghon complex

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1° tuberculosis [TB]). Note: hilar nodes plus Ghon focus usually in lower lobe

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20
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Meningitis and pneumonia in neonates

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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21
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Atypical pneumonia with avian reservoir

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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22
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Gas gangrene in traumatic open wounds

A

Clostridium perfringens

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23
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Infects skin and superficial nerves

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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24
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Fibrocaseous cavitary lung lesion

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2° TB). Note: usually at apex because ↑ affinity for ↑ O2 environments

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25
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Mycobacterium causing disseminated disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients

A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

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26
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with the following pathology:

Mycobacterium causing cervical lymphadenitis in kids

A

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

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27
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Oral/facial abscesses with sulfur granules in sinus tracts

A

Actinomyces israelii——penicillin G (IV)

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28
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella—first- or second-generation cephalosporins

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29
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Woolsorter’s disease

A

Bacillus anthracis—penicillin G or ciprofloxacin

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30
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Scarlet fever, impetigo, and pharyngitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes—penicillin

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31
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Pontiac fever

A

Legionella pneumophila—macrolide (erythromycin and azithromycin)

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32
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Gram-positive coccus causing sepsis/meningitis in a newborn

A

Streptococcus agalactiae—ampicillin (Note: group B, think Babies)

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33
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Acute epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis, and pneumonia

A

Haemophilus influenzae—second-generation cephalosporins (treat meningitis with ceftriaxone, plus rifampin for contacts)

34
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Gastritis and ~90% of duodenal ulcers

A

Helicobacter pylori—triple therapy

35
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

Neisseria meningitidis—ceftriaxone

36
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis and burn patients

A

Pseudomonas cepacia—bactrim or ciprofloxacin

37
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Bacterial vaginosis with discharge and fishy odor

A

Gardnerella vaginalis—metronidazole

38
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Burn and wound infections with fruity odor

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa—aminoglycoside plus antipseudomonal (eg, piperacillin and tazobactam)

39
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Acute postinf ectious glomerulonephritis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes—penicillin G

40
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

A

Clostridium difficile—metronidazole or oral vancomycin

41
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Atypical “walking” pneumonia in young adult

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae—erythromycin or doxycycline

42
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Urethritis/pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), neonatal conjunctivitis, and pneumonia

A

Chlamydia tmchomatis types D to K—erythromycin eye drops in neonates, azithromycin for urethritis, pneumonia

43
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi—doxycycline

44
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Malignant, vesicular papules covered with black eschar → bacteremia and even death

A

Bacillus anthracis—penicillin G or ciprofloxacin

45
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Pneumonia, sepsis, otitis externa, UTIs, hot-tub f olliculitis, osteomyelitis

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa—aminoglycoside plus antipseudomonal piperacillin and tazobactam

46
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Undulant fever, Bang disease

A

Brucella sp.—doxycycline plus gentamicin or rifampin (pasteurize milk to prevent)

47
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Bubonic plague

A

Yersinia pestis—gentamicin

48
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsii—tetracycline /doxycycline

49
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Trench fever (lasts 5 days; recurs in 5-day cycles)

A

Bartonella quintana—gentamicin/doxycycline

50
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Tabes dorsalis, aortitis, and gummas

A

Treponema pallidum (3° syphilis)—penicillin G

51
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Q fever (acute)

A

Coxiella burnetii—doxycycline

52
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Weil disease

A

Leptospira interrogans—penicillin G

53
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Yaws

A

Treponema pertenue—penicillin G

54
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Pott disease

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (disseminated)—four-drug anti-tuberculous therapy, including rifampin plus isoniazid (INH)

55
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Dental caries

A

Streptococcus mutans—amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulonic acid (prevention with topical fluoride/chlorhexidine)

56
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Rheumatic fever

A

Streptococcus pyogenes—penicillin G

57
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome

A

Staphylococcus aureus—penicillin agent (vancomycin if methicillin-resistant S. aureus[MRSA])

58
Q

For each of the following clinical findings, name the organism responsible and the drug(s) of choice:

Hansen disease

A

Mycobacterium leprae—dapsone plus clofazimine or rifampin

59
Q

What is the differential for a rash affecting the palms and soles?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 2° syphilis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease (coxsackie A), and Kawasaki syndrome

60
Q

Name the mode of transmission and reservoir(s) for each of the following bacteria:

Brucella sp.

A

Contact with animals or dairy products; cows

61
Q

Name the mode of transmission and reservoir(s) for each of the following bacteria:

Francisella tularensis

A

Tick or deerfly bite; rabbits and deer

62
Q

Name the mode of transmission and reservoir(s) for each of the following bacteria:

Pasteurella multocida

A

Animal bite/scratch; cats and dogs

63
Q

Name the mode of transmission and reservoir(s) for each of the following bacteria:

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Ixodes tick bite; lives on deer and mice

64
Q

Name the mode of transmission and reservoir(s) for each of the following bacteria:

Yersinia pestis

A

Flea bite; rodents (eg, prairie dogs)

65
Q

Name the mode of transmission and reservoir(s) for each of the following bacteria:

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Tick bite; dogs, rabbits, and rodents (endemic to eastern United States)

66
Q

Name the mode of transmission and reservoir(s) for each of the following bacteria:

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

Human body louse; humans and flying squirrels

67
Q

Name the laboratory test described below:

Detects antirickettsial antibodies

A

Weil-Felix reaction (cross-reacts with proteus)

68
Q

Name the laboratory test described below:

Sensitive for treponemes

A

Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test (FTA-ABS) (+) (earliest and longest, used as confirmatory test for syphilis if RPR is reactive)

69
Q

Name the laboratory test described below:

Useful in screening for TB

A

Purified protein derivative (PPD) test

70
Q

Name the screening test for syphilis and four biological false positives:

A

VDRL test

  1. Viruses (mononucleosis and hepatitis)
  2. Drugs (narcotics)
  3. Rheumatoid arthritis/fever
  4. Leprosy and lupus
71
Q

Name the normal, dominant flora for each of the f ollowing locations:

Nose

A

Staphylococcus aureus

72
Q

Name the normal, dominant flora for each of the f ollowing locations:

Oropharynx

A

Group D streptococci (viridans)

73
Q

Name the normal, dominant flora for each of the f ollowing locations:

Dental plaques

A

Streptococcus mutans

74
Q

Name the normal, dominant flora for each of the f ollowing locations:

Colon

A

Bacteroides fmgilis > E. coli

75
Q

Name the normal, dominant flora for each of the f ollowing locations:

Vagina

A

Lactobacillus; colonized by E. coli and group B streptococcus

76
Q

Name the normal, dominant flora for each of the f ollowing locations:

Skin

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

77
Q

Name the nosocomial pathogen(s) associated with each of the following:

Urinary catheter

A

Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis

78
Q

Name the nosocomial pathogen(s) associated with each of the following:

Respiratory therapy equipment, ventilators

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

79
Q

Name the nosocomial pathogen(s) associated with each of the following:

Wound infections

A

Staphylococcus aureus

80
Q

Name the nosocomial pathogen(s) associated with each of the following:

Water aerosols

A

Legionella sp.

81
Q

Name the organism(s) associated with each of the following characteristics:

Gram-positive rods with metachromatic granules

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Usmle 1 Microbiology (15 decks)

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