Bacteriology - Laboratory Evaluation of Gram-Positive Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

How are S. pneumoniae and viridans streptococci differentiated in the laboratory?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae is bile soluble and optochin sensitive.

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2
Q

How can capsulated S. pneumoniae bugs be detected in the laboratory?

A

Quellung positive (capsule swells when antisera is added)

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3
Q

What determines the Lancef ield grouping of streptococci?

A

C-carbohydrate in the bacterial cell wall

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4
Q

How are groups A and B differentiated in the laboratory?

A

Group A is bacitracin sensitive.

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5
Q

How are spores from gram-positive rods killed?

A

Autoclave (spores are resistant to heat and most chemicals)

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6
Q

Name the gram-negative organisms associated with each of the following statements:

Three pathogenic gram-negative cocci

A
  1. Neisseria meningitides
  2. Neisseria gonorrhea
  3. Moraxella catarrhalis
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7
Q

Name the gram-negative organisms associated with each of the following statements:

Six gram-negative coccobacilli

A
  1. Haemophilus influenzae
  2. Pasteurella
  3. Brucella
  4. Bordetella pertussis
  5. Francisella
  6. Legionella
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8
Q

Name the gram-negative organisms associated with each of the following statements:

Three clinically important gram-negative rods that are typically lactose fermenting

A
  1. Enterobacter
  2. Escherichia coli
  3. Klebsiella (all implicated in urinary tract infections [UTIs])
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9
Q

Name the gram-negative organisms associated with each of the following statements:

Two obligate intracellular organisms

A
  1. Chlamydia (steals adenosine triphosphate [ATP] from host)
  2. Rickettsia (lacks coenzyme A [CoA] and nicotinamide adenine [NAD] → cannot produce own ATP)
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10
Q

Name the gram-negative organisms associated with each of the following statements:

Four obligate aerobes

A
  1. Nocardia
  2. Pseudomonas
  3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  4. Bacillus
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11
Q

Name the gram-negative organisms associated with each of the following statements:

Three obligate anaerobes

A
  1. Clostridium
  2. Bacteroides
  3. Actinomyces (no catalase and/or superoxide dismutase → susceptible to oxidative damage)
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12
Q

How are the pathogenic Neisseria species differentiated in the laboratory?

A

Neisseria meningitidis ferments maltose.

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13
Q

How can Pseudomonas be rapidly differentiated from many lactose nonfermenters in the laboratory?

A

Pseudomonas is oxidase positive.

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14
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Tellurite agar or Loeffler media

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15
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Bordetella pertussis

A

Bordet-Gengou potato blood agar

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16
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Thayer-Martin (VCN—vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin) and a selective medium

17
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Legionella pneumophila

A

Charcoal yeast agar with iron and L-cysteine

18
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Eaton agar

19
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

20
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Vibrio species

A

Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile Salts-Sucrose (TCBS) agar

21
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Enterococcus

A

40% bile and 6.5% NaCl

22
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Chocolate agar (contains factor V [NAD] and X [hematin])

23
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Lactose-fermenters (Klebsiella, Escherichia, etc)

A

MacConkey agar → pink colonies

24
Q

Provide culture requirements or conditions for each of the following bacteria:

Fungi

A

Sabouraud agar