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Microbiology Exam I > Virus-Host Cell Interactions > Flashcards

Virus-Host Cell Interactions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Non-productive infection

A

viral infection that doe snot lead to the production of infectious virions

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2
Q

Abortive infection

A

non-productive infection because the virus lacks virus synthesis post-adsorption

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3
Q

interference non-productive infection

A

virus interferes with the growth of other viruses in the same cell

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4
Q

Productive infections

A

successful replication of virus post-adsorption

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5
Q

Productive infections may result in

A

non-lethal alteration to cell/cell function, cell damage/death, or persistent infection without cell death

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6
Q

Latent-persistent infection

A

intermittent acute episodes of disease b/w which there is an absence of infectious particles (Herpes simplex)

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7
Q

Chronic-persistent infection

A

continued presence of virus, disease maybe absent or associated with late immunopathological disease (hepatitis B)

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8
Q

Slow-persistent infection

A

long incubation, slow progression, lethal disease

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9
Q

Sterilizing immunity

A

infection is resolved and immunity has been strengthen

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10
Q

Most common outcome of a viral infection is

A

an asymptomatic infection with a seroconversion

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11
Q

Following an infection damage or death may occur due to

A

immunopathology or autoimmune induction

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12
Q

Lytic infection

A

causes cell modification and death; inhibits host macromolecule synthesis, cytopathic effect (toxic to cells), inclusion bodies and cell fusion, apoptosis, chromosomal alterations –>malignancy

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13
Q

Tumor

A

mass of new tissue which persists and grow independently of its surrounding

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14
Q

Transformation

A

conversion of cell from restricted growth to unrestricted growth

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15
Q

Transformed cell characteristics

A

loss of contact inhibition, unrestricted growth, loss of senescence, appearance of new antigens, metabolic and genetic changes

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16
Q

RNA tumor viruses

A

human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) target t helper cell

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17
Q

DNA tumor viruses

A

HPV (cervical cancer), EBV (Burkitt’s lymphoma), HBV (liver cancer)

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18
Q

Benign neoplasm due to viral infections examples

A

human wart virus, poxvirus

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19
Q

Stages of the virus replication cycle

A

Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Macromolecular Synthesis,

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20
Q

Attachment step of viral replication cycle

A

virus binds specific receptor (MAJOR determinant of infectivity)

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21
Q

Specific attachment of virus to receptor determines

A

host range, tissue tropism (where in the body it can survive), target of antiviral therapy

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22
Q

Fusion inhibitors for HIV

A

target specific HIV receptor on cells and prevent fusion of virion and human cell preventing infection

23
Q

Penetration step of viral replication cycle (3 ways)

A

Methods of penetration: Direct penetration, surface eclipse pH dependent, receptor-mediated endocytosis

24
Q

Direct penetration

A

NON-enveloped viruses, nucleocapsid attaches to cell surface releasing viral NA genome

25
Q

Surface eclipse

A

pH independent cell entry; ENVELOPED viruses fuse with the CM releasing viral NA

26
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

ENVELOPED virus binds specific receptor, endocytosis occurs, virus envelope fuses with endosome membrane to release viral genome

27
Q

Uncoating step of viral replication cycle

A

removal of protective coats with release of NA; infectivity is lost at this point

28
Q

What two antivirals inhibit the uncoating step of Influenza A.

A

Rimantidine and Amantidine

29
Q

Macromolecular Synthesis step of viral replication cycle

A

synthesis of viral encoded proteins and viral genome

30
Q

DNA viruses replicate in the

A

nucleus

31
Q

RNA viruses replicate in the

A

cytoplasm

32
Q

Pox virus (DNA) replicates in the

A

cytoplasm

33
Q

Influenze virus (RNA) replicates in the

A

nucleus

34
Q

(+)ssRNA, (-)ssRNA, dsRNA all

A

encode for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

35
Q

The exception to all RNA viruses needing to encode for RNApol is:

A

retroviruses (HIV) they encode for reverse transcriptase which transcribes DNA from RNA, then to mRNA

36
Q

azidothymidine AZT, ddI, ddC, 3TC, D4T

A

nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) - target for HIV

37
Q

(-)ssRNA and dsRNA must carry

A

gene for RNApol and RNApol protein to transcribe the mRNA

38
Q

(+)ssRNA must carry

A

ONLY the gene for RNApol

39
Q

RNApol is capable of

A

transcribing the mirror image of the strand (complimentary strand)

40
Q

DNA viruses replicate

A

using host cell DNA replication machinery

41
Q

RNA viruses replicate

A

using encoded RNApol, and some require RNA pol proteins

42
Q

The exception is HIV retrovirus which replicates

A

using reverse transcriptase (ssRNA –> dsDNA (inserted into genome)–>mRNA)

43
Q

Integrase inhibitor

A

prevents the insertion of HIV DNA into the genome for replication

44
Q

Cidofovir

A

inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis - nucleotide analog (smallpox treatment)

45
Q

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Penciclovir, Ganciclovir

A

inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis - nucleotide analog (human herpes viruses 1-8)

46
Q

Foscarnet

A

inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis - nucleotide analog (CMV and HSV)

47
Q

Viruses may be released from cells in 3 ways

A

lysis of cells, slow release without lysis, or budding

48
Q

Budding

A

Viral proteins cluster and replace all host proteins in that segment of the CM, nucleocapsid bind to viral proteins and an enveloped virus is released

49
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, sanamivir)

A

selectively inhibit neuraminidase of Influenza A and B

50
Q

HIV protease inhibitors prevents the viral protease that initially cleaves the proteins to functional proteins , these are:

A

Saquinavir, indinavir, amprenavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir

51
Q

Primary replication site

A

site where 1st replication takes place, if near port of entry = short incubation period

52
Q

Secondary replication site

A

site where 2nd replication takes place

53
Q

Local spread ___________ occurs, spread within host _________ occurs

A

always ; may

54
Q

Spread within a host may occur through

A

cell-to-cell, bloodstream, lymphatics, nerves, transplacentally

Microbiology Exam I (13 decks)

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