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A2 theology ethics > Virtue ethics > Flashcards

Virtue ethics Flashcards

1
Q

what type of ethical system is VE NOT

A

normative- theories which tell you what to do

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2
Q

what is virtue ethics also known as and why

A

aretaic ethics

arete means excellence

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3
Q

what does VE not do

A

tell you what actions to take

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4
Q

what does VE tell you

A

what sort of person to be

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5
Q

Main points for VE

A
  • agent centred
  • tells us what type of people to be in order to be moral
  • focusses on the quality of the person making the moral chic rather than the actual choice
  • concentrates on being rather than doing
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6
Q

what book did Aristotle write

A

Nichomachean ethics

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7
Q

what does Aristotle’s VE assume

A

that our goals for existing is to reach eudaimonia

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8
Q

what does eudaimonia mean

A

human flourishing

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9
Q

two types of virtues according to Aristotle

A

moral

intellectual

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10
Q

how are intellectual morals taught? EEE

A

emulate
educate
experience

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11
Q

how did Aristotle believe was the best way of become virtuous

A

copying virtuous people

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12
Q

what two types of people can become virtuous

A

philosophers

gentlemen

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13
Q

what is Aristotle’s final cause

A

eudaimonia

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14
Q

why is eudaimonia the highest good

A

because we desire it for our own sakes and not as a means to an end

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15
Q

three types of happiness that combine to form eudaimonia

A
  1. happines of life as enjoyment
  2. happiness as free members of society
  3. happiness as a philospher
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16
Q

best context of achieving eudaimonia

A

living in a community- we should develop qualities useful in our society

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17
Q

aristotle and the golden mean

A

the only way to achieve eudaimonia, was to achieve the golden mean in our lives

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18
Q

what is the golden mean

A

mid point between two vices- we should not develop qualities which are extremes, since this is not useful to society

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19
Q

what does aristotle argue happens to individuals who the virtues now come naturally to

A

they automatically do the right thing

good people perform good actions

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20
Q

are we born with virtues

A

no, we are not born good or bad, but we become good or bad depending ion the qualities we develop

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21
Q

what is becoming virtuous compared to

A

playing a musical instrument

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22
Q

12 moral virtues

A 
wittiness
right ambition
high mindedness
friendliness
modesty
just resentment
courage
liberality
magnificence
good temper
sincerity
temperance
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23
Q

intellectual virtues

A

primary: wisdom, intelligence, scientific knowledge, practical wisdom, art
secondary: cleverness, resourcefulness, understanding, judgement

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24
Q

how are moral virtues acquired

A

learned by living them

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25
Q

what are intellectual virtues the result of

A

talent and good education

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26
Q

for Aristotle why is VE not rule based

A

the virtues are not the same for everybody

27
Q

famous Aristotle quote

A

‘we are what we repeatedly do, therefore excellence is then not an act but a habit’

28
Q

5 points for Aristotle

A
  1. we are not born with are virtues, they must be developed
  2. only two types of people can become virtuous
  3. Doctrine of the golden mean
  4. Intelligent and moral virtues
  5. how to become virtuous- practice (like paling a musical instrument and EEE
  6. Eudaimonia
29
Q

what are virtues

A

positive character trait

30
Q

who taught Aristotle

A

Plato, who was taught by Socrates

31
Q

who was philippa foot

A

wrote Virtues and vices in 1978

-founder of oxfam who believed ethics was about improving the world for others

32
Q

what did Foot believe about aretaic ethics

A

does not guarantee happiness, but does play a part in achieving it

33
Q

how did foot disagree with A

A

wisdom is both a moral and intellectual virtue.

believed that anybody can achieve wisdom–> wealth and status doesn’t matter

34
Q

what idea of A did Foot develop

A

idea of the sophron by distinguishing between the moral hero and moral saint

35
Q

what is a moral hero

A

someone who’s good intentions may not be pure

36
Q

what is a moral saint

A

someone who does good and has pure intentions

37
Q

what did Foot believe virtues did , quote

A

‘virtues are correctives against these temptations’

38
Q

what did Foot compare VE to

A

navigation away and through obstacles, like charting a course at sea

39
Q

which virtue does foot reject

A

pride as a virtue like christian tradition , however some argue that A didn’t mean pride as in an egotistical tendency, but more a realistic self-esteem

40
Q

what did she compared humans to

A

a plank of wood

41
Q

wood analogy

A

warps in the sun and the rain- life bends us out of shape. virtues act as weights (corrective), that help restore the shape of the wood

42
Q

who are more virtuous according to foot

A

those who have to work hard to be virtuous- better than someone who is naturally kind and courageous. e.g. resisting temptation says much more about the strength of someones virtue

43
Q

strength and health are

A

excellences of the body

44
Q

virtues are

A

excellences of the mind e..g a scoundrel is a scoundrel even if they are strong and healthy

45
Q

according to Foot what are virtues about

A

your intentions and your wish to act

46
Q

Other key quote by Foot

A

‘it is primarily by his intentions that a man’s moral dispositions are judged’

47
Q

key points for foot

A
  1. aretaic ethics does not guarantee happiness
  2. being virtuous is about your intent and your action
  3. distinguishes between moral saint and hero
  4. Virtues act as correctives
  5. ethics should be about improving the world
  6. more virtuous to find it hard to be virtuous
48
Q

what book did Maclntyre write

A

After virtue 1981

49
Q

what does Maclintyre argue about society

A

meta ethics has left society in a moral vacuum- the study of ethics has been drawn away from its social context. Modern ethics cannot show how ethics has been developed

50
Q

what did maclintyre reject

A

quandary ethics- discussion about ethics based on unrealistic dilemmas e.g. ‘a terrorist has captured your daughter and the prime minister, he will detonate a nuclear bomb if not stopped’ however in society we have been told never to kill, therefore ‘lose-lose’ situation- nothing can be learnt from this

51
Q

what did Maclntyre propose

A

a historical approach to ethics. should look at a persons narrative, to see what virtues they should have

52
Q

Did Maclntyre believe virtues could change over time

A

yes, he believed virtues changed in terms of their importance and usefulness to society because we value different things as people
e.g. homeric –> athenian

53
Q

how did Maclnytre agree with A

A

virtues such as truthfulness, courage and justice were essential virtues to maintain not only a good, moral character, but especially the integrity of a community

54
Q

how did Mac develop As theory

A

internal and external goods

55
Q

internal goods

A

obvious and direct e.g. giving money ton the poor

56
Q

external goods

A

inspiring someone to behave morally

57
Q

what did M say about his archetypes

A

that they have become dominant in modern society, therefore true virtue has been obscured. all three use money, people and materialism as ways of manipulating others for their own self interest

58
Q

for M who were ideal role models

A

philosphers

59
Q

three types of archetype

A

bureaucratic manager
rich aesthete
therapist

60
Q

bureaucratic manager

A
  • DOMINANT
  • profits more important than principle
  • efficient at using resources
  • both resources and people are expendable
61
Q

therapist

A
  • needed to deal with peoples failed hopes and aspirations

- need them to help us pretend our lives aren’t meaningless and empty

62
Q

rich aesthete

A
  • dominant in celeb culture
  • lies for pleasure
  • admired by society, because of wealth and status
63
Q

virtue ethics is centred on…

A

Virtue Ethics is centred on having the right character that enables you to do the right thing and in doing the right thing your character becomes further developed.

A2 theology ethics (29 decks)

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