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Cyber 100 > Virtualization and Cloud Computing > Flashcards

Virtualization and Cloud Computing Flashcards

1
Q

Virtualization

A
  • is a process that creates a software environment to emulate a
    computer’s hardware and BIOS
  • Allows multiple OSs to run on the same physical computer at the same time
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2
Q

A virtual machine (VM)

A

is the virtual environment that emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS

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3
Q

A guest OS

A

is the operating system installed on a VM

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4
Q

A host computer

A

is the physical computer on which the VM software is installed

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5
Q

Virtualization software?

A

creates and manages VMs and creates the virtual environment in which a guest OS is installed

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6
Q

The hypervisor

A

creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment, which allows multiple VMs to share physical hardware resources

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7
Q

A type 1 hypervisor

A

runs directly on the host computer’s hardware and controls and monitors guest OSs (also called bare-metal virtualization)

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8
Q

A type 2 hypervisor

A

is installed in a general-purpose host OS, and the host OS accesses host hardware on behalf of the guest OS (also called hosted virtualization)

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9
Q

A virtual disk

A

consists of files residing on the host computer that represent a virtual machine’s hard
drive

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10
Q

A virtual network

A

is a network configuration created by virtualization

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11
Q

A snapshot

A

is a partial copy of a VM made at a particular moment

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12
Q

Hosted Virtualization

A
  • uses a type 2 hypervisor
  • It has an advantage of supporting a wider variety of guest OSs because there are few incompatibility problems between the guest OS and hardware

− You install the virtualization software on your computer and begin creating virtual machines

  • Hardware requirements include enough memory to support the host and guest
    OSs, adequate CPU power, and enough space to store the virtual disk
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13
Q

VMware Workstation Pro

A

− Allows you to configure the NIC on your VM to use one of the five virtual network options or create your own custom virtual network

  • Five preconfigured options:
    − Bridged, NAT, host-only, custom, LAN segment
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14
Q

Which of the following implements OS virtualization by being installed in a
general-purpose host OS and the host OS accesses host hardware on behalf of
the guest OS?
− A) hosted virtualization
− B) virtual disk
− C) type 1 hypervisor
− D) bare-metal hypervisor

A

hosted virtualization

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15
Q

Bare-Metal Virtualization

A
  • use a type 1 hypervisor and are targeted
    mainly for production virtualization in datacenters
  • They are installed directly on hardware and have more stringent host machine
    requirements
  • They offer more features for managing VMs than hosted virtualization
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16
Q

Live migration

A

− VMs can be migrated to new hardware while they’re running for performance
and reliability improvements with practically no downtime

17
Q
  • Dynamic provisioning
A

− Advanced VM management systems can deploy VMs and storage dynamically to meet application requirements

18
Q

Microsoft Hyper-V

A

hypervisor service that allows Windows Server to host multiple virtual machines

19
Q

Application Virtualization

A
  • Whole-system virtualization allows you to run an OS in a VM that is totally different from the OS running on the host

− This type of virtualization is often used to isolate a single application from the
host for testing purposes or when multiple instances of the same application
must run on one host

  • To mitigate resource overhead required for whole-system virtualization, many
    cloud providers are turning to application virtualization in the form of containers
20
Q

A container

A

is a virtualized software environment in which an application can run but is isolated from the rest of the OS and other applications

21
Q
  • Windows Sandbox
A

is a feature available with Windows Pro and Enterprise that provides a temporary isolated environment in which to run an application

− It is built on containers technology

− It is a desktop OS feature primarily designed to allow you to test an application to make sure it will not interfere with any existing applications

-it looks like a full VM, but it is actually sharing much of the host OS that is loaded into RAM

22
Q

Cloud computing

A

is a networking model in which data, applications, and processing power are managed by servers on the Internet

− Users of resources pay for what they use rather than for the equipment and
software needed to provide the resources

  • Benefits:
    − Reduced physical plant costs
    − Reduced upfront costs
    − Reduced personnel costs
23
Q

There are three main categories of cloud computing:

A
  • Software as a service
    − Platform as a service
    − Infrastructure as a service
24
Q
  • The phrase as a service means?
A

the resource resides on another server or
network from the one using the resource

25
Q

Software as a Service

A
  • SaaS is also called hosted applications or on-demand applications

− The best-known examples are Google Apps and Microsoft Office 365

  • It is usually offered as a subscription based on the number of users
  • Customers can take advantage of new software editions much faster
  • SaaS is available anywhere the customer has a connection to the Internet
26
Q

Platform as a Service

A
  • PaaS is also called hosted platform and is similar to SaaS, but the customer
    develops applications with the service provider’s tools and infrastructure

− The customer develops and owns the application and then delivers it to a
third party

  • The most common PaaS products are:
    − Salesforce.com’s Apex, Azure for Windows, Google’s AppEngine for Python
    and Java, WaveMaker for Ajax, and Engine Yard for Ruby on Rails
27
Q

Infrastructure as a Service

A
  • IaaS is also called hosted infrastructure; it allows a company to use storage or
    entire virtual servers
  • If a customer needs another 100 GB of storage space, they can pay for the
    space without worrying about how that space is actually provided
  • If a customer needs another server, they pay for the amount of processing and
    storage the additional server actually requires

− Customers rent the resources they are using but are responsible for
application installations and upgrades

28
Q
  • Public cloud services
A

− Cloud services are delivered by a third-party provider

29
Q
  • Private cloud services
A

− When a company delivers cloud services to its own employees through the use of virtualization technologies

− Deployed from the company’s own datacenter

− Examples of virtualization technologies:
 VMware and Microsoft Hyper-V

30
Q

Which of the following is a virtualized software environment in which an
application can run but is isolated from the rest of the OS and other
applications?
− A) software as a service (SaaS)
− B) cloud computing
− C) container
− D) Hyper-V

A

− C) container

Cyber 100 (9 decks)

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