Virtualization and Cloud Computing

Question 1

Virtualization

Answer 1

• is a process that creates a software environment to emulate a
  computer’s hardware and BIOS
• Allows multiple OSs to run on the same physical computer at the same time

Question 2

A virtual machine (VM)

Answer 2

is the virtual environment that emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS

Question 3

A guest OS

Answer 3

is the operating system installed on a VM

Question 4

A host computer

Answer 4

is the physical computer on which the VM software is installed

Question 5

Virtualization software?

Answer 5

creates and manages VMs and creates the virtual environment in which a guest OS is installed

Question 6

The hypervisor

Answer 6

creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment, which allows multiple VMs to share physical hardware resources

Question 7

A type 1 hypervisor

Answer 7

runs directly on the host computer’s hardware and controls and monitors guest OSs (also called bare-metal virtualization)

Question 8

A type 2 hypervisor

Answer 8

is installed in a general-purpose host OS, and the host OS accesses host hardware on behalf of the guest OS (also called hosted virtualization)

Question 9

A virtual disk

Answer 9

consists of files residing on the host computer that represent a virtual machine’s hard
drive

Question 10

A virtual network

Answer 10

is a network configuration created by virtualization

Question 11

A snapshot

Answer 11

is a partial copy of a VM made at a particular moment

Question 12

Hosted Virtualization

Answer 12

• uses a type 2 hypervisor
• It has an advantage of supporting a wider variety of guest OSs because there are few incompatibility problems between the guest OS and hardware

− You install the virtualization software on your computer and begin creating virtual machines

• Hardware requirements include enough memory to support the host and guest
  OSs, adequate CPU power, and enough space to store the virtual disk

Question 13

VMware Workstation Pro

Answer 13

− Allows you to configure the NIC on your VM to use one of the five virtual network options or create your own custom virtual network

• Five preconfigured options:
  − Bridged, NAT, host-only, custom, LAN segment

Question 14

Which of the following implements OS virtualization by being installed in a
general-purpose host OS and the host OS accesses host hardware on behalf of
the guest OS?
− A) hosted virtualization
− B) virtual disk
− C) type 1 hypervisor
− D) bare-metal hypervisor

Answer 14

hosted virtualization

Question 15

Bare-Metal Virtualization

Answer 15

• use a type 1 hypervisor and are targeted
  mainly for production virtualization in datacenters
• They are installed directly on hardware and have more stringent host machine
  requirements
• They offer more features for managing VMs than hosted virtualization

Question 16

Live migration

Answer 16

− VMs can be migrated to new hardware while they’re running for performance
and reliability improvements with practically no downtime

Question 17

• Dynamic provisioning

Answer 17

− Advanced VM management systems can deploy VMs and storage dynamically to meet application requirements

Question 18

Microsoft Hyper-V

Answer 18

hypervisor service that allows Windows Server to host multiple virtual machines

Question 19

Application Virtualization

Answer 19

• Whole-system virtualization allows you to run an OS in a VM that is totally different from the OS running on the host

− This type of virtualization is often used to isolate a single application from the
host for testing purposes or when multiple instances of the same application
must run on one host

• To mitigate resource overhead required for whole-system virtualization, many
  cloud providers are turning to application virtualization in the form of containers

Question 20

A container

Answer 20

is a virtualized software environment in which an application can run but is isolated from the rest of the OS and other applications

Question 21

• Windows Sandbox

Answer 21

is a feature available with Windows Pro and Enterprise that provides a temporary isolated environment in which to run an application

− It is built on containers technology

− It is a desktop OS feature primarily designed to allow you to test an application to make sure it will not interfere with any existing applications

-it looks like a full VM, but it is actually sharing much of the host OS that is loaded into RAM

Question 22

Cloud computing

Answer 22

is a networking model in which data, applications, and processing power are managed by servers on the Internet

− Users of resources pay for what they use rather than for the equipment and
software needed to provide the resources

• Benefits:
  − Reduced physical plant costs
  − Reduced upfront costs
  − Reduced personnel costs

Question 23

There are three main categories of cloud computing:

Answer 23

• Software as a service
  − Platform as a service
  − Infrastructure as a service

Question 24

• The phrase as a service means?

Answer 24

the resource resides on another server or
network from the one using the resource

Question 25

Software as a Service

Answer 25

* SaaS is also called hosted applications or on-demand applications − The best-known examples are Google Apps and Microsoft Office 365 * It is usually offered as a subscription based on the number of users * Customers can take advantage of new software editions much faster * SaaS is available anywhere the customer has a connection to the Internet

Question 26

Platform as a Service

Answer 26

* PaaS is also called hosted platform and is similar to SaaS, but the customer develops applications with the service provider’s tools and infrastructure − The customer develops and owns the application and then delivers it to a third party * The most common PaaS products are: − Salesforce.com’s Apex, Azure for Windows, Google’s AppEngine for Python and Java, WaveMaker for Ajax, and Engine Yard for Ruby on Rails

Question 27

Infrastructure as a Service

Answer 27

* IaaS is also called hosted infrastructure; it allows a company to use storage or entire virtual servers * If a customer needs another 100 GB of storage space, they can pay for the space without worrying about how that space is actually provided * If a customer needs another server, they pay for the amount of processing and storage the additional server actually requires − Customers rent the resources they are using but are responsible for application installations and upgrades

Question 28

* Public cloud services

Answer 28

− Cloud services are delivered by a third-party provider

Question 29

* Private cloud services

Answer 29

− When a company delivers cloud services to its own employees through the use of virtualization technologies − Deployed from the company’s own datacenter − Examples of virtualization technologies:  VMware and Microsoft Hyper-V

Question 30

Which of the following is a virtualized software environment in which an application can run but is isolated from the rest of the OS and other applications? − A) software as a service (SaaS) − B) cloud computing − C) container − D) Hyper-V

Answer 30

− C) container