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Cyber 100 > intro to Operating Systems > Flashcards

intro to Operating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

A computers functions and features can be broken down into 3 basic tasks:

A
  • input
  • output
  • processing
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2
Q

provides a method for users to interact with the computer

A

user interface

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3
Q

a file system is a method by which OS stores and organizes files and manages access to the file

A

storage management

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4
Q

a program that’s loaded into memory and run by the CPU

A

process

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5
Q

a type of process that runs in the background

A

service

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6
Q

the OS must determine if sufficient memory exists to load an application and where in memory it should be loaded

A

memory/ I/O managment

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7
Q

OS’s used on the business systems to provide methods for securing access to resources

A

security and resource protection

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8
Q

the heart of the OS and runs with the highest priority

A

kernel

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9
Q

can only execute a single process at a time

A

single task OS

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10
Q

a computing device designed for a specific task and uses a single-tasking OS

A

embedded system

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11
Q

quickly switches between all the processes that are loaded into the memory and scheduled to run

A

multi-tasking OS

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12
Q

the OS gives the CPU control to process and waits for it to terminate or enter a waiting state: If a program doesn’t give control back to OS; may hog the CPU until it does

A

cooperative multitasking

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13
Q

the OS is in control of the computer at all times

A

preemptive multitasking

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14
Q

allows only one user at a time to interact with the OS user interface, start processes, make system, configurative changes, and interact directly with the file system

A

single user OS

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15
Q

Allows multiple users to sign in to it, start and stop processes, interact with user interface, and access local file system

A

multi-user OS

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16
Q

designed to provide a convenient user interface and run applications in a home or business environment with reasonable performance ie. clients/ normal ppl

A

general purpose OS

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17
Q

designed to process inputs and produce outputs in s very specific and repeatable amount of time ie. Robot lines, fedEX sorting facilities,etc.

A

real-time OS (RTOS)

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18
Q

Most Oss can be classified as?

A
  1. client
  2. server
  3. standalone
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19
Q

run applications requested by a user and request data from network serves as necessary

A

client OS

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20
Q

to share network resources and provide network services to clients.

ie. macOS Server, Windows Server: Usually come with DHCP server, a DNS Server, a file server protocol, a Web server, and perhaps a directory service like Microsoft’s active directory

A

server OS

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21
Q

the ability of a system to recover from hardware or software failure

A

fault tolerance

22
Q

the ability of two or more servers to act as one

supported by which OS?

A

clustering

server OS

23
Q

two or more servers alternate in taking client requests

A

load sharing cluster

24
Q

components such as hard disks, memory, or even processors so if a computer fails , a new component can be swapped (hardware)

A

hot swapping

25
Q

components so that more storage, RAM, or processors can be added while the system is running

A

hot-adding

26
Q

most standalone Os’s run on?

A

embedded systems ie.traffic cams

27
Q

a series of steps performed by every computing device that starts with power to the CPU and other hardware components and ends with a running system ready to perform work.

A

boot procedure

28
Q

is a program code that is stored on computer hardware in non-volatile memory and is responsible for performing diagnostic tests and booting the OS

A

firmware

29
Q

is memory that maintains its contents when no power is applied to the system

A

Non-Volatile Memory

30
Q

program that locates and then loads the bootloader program

A

bootstrap

31
Q

responsible for loading the initial process that makes up the OS

A

bootloader

32
Q

are firmware programs that play a part in the boot process

A

The basic input/output system (BIOS) and unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

33
Q

Performs tests at startup, such as memory and hardware component tests

A

power on self test (POST)

34
Q

BIOS configuration is stored in?

A

a complementary metal oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) memory chip

35
Q

a program that is loaded into memory and executed by the CPU, can be a user application, an OS service, or even the Kernel

A

process

36
Q

a CPU mode in which a process has unrestricted access to the computer hardware and has access to privileged CPU instructions

A

kernel mode

37
Q

a CPU mode in which the process can only access memory locations allocated to it by the OS, must ask OS to access I/O devices on its behalf and can’t execute privileged CPU instructions

A

user mode

38
Q

when a process is created it is assigned a ____ which allows other processes to communicate with it and the user to manage it

A

Process ID

39
Q

an identifier for a file that contains all the information the file system needs to locate and access the file

A

file handle

40
Q
  • Memory is managed by a ______ that runs in kernel mode
A

dedicated memory manager

41
Q

usually a kernel mode process that accesses hardware devices directly on behalf of user mode processes or other kernel mode processes

A

device driver

42
Q

a process where the OS checks each device one after the other in a round-robin fashion to see if it requires attention, because of shortcomings, most systems use interrupts

A

polling

43
Q

A signal, usually generated by an I?O device, that alerts the CPU and OS that a device needs attention

A

interrupt

44
Q

pins on a CPU

A

interrupt request lines (IRQ)

45
Q

when the CPU detects the IRQ line, it stops what it is doing, determines the source of the interrupt, and starts the execution of the ___, also known as the interrupt handler

A

interrupt service routine (ISR)

46
Q

to prevent unnecessary interruptions, ISRs turn off interrupts of equal or lower priority

A

interrupt masking

47
Q

A certain class of interrupts and cannot be turned off

A

non-maskable interrupts (NMI)

48
Q

verifies that an account trying to access a system is valid and has provided valid credentials

A

authentication

49
Q

verifies that an authenticated account has permission to perform an action on a system

A

Authorization

50
Q

Scheduling computer processes and managing resources are?

A

key tasks of the OS Kernel

Cyber 100 (9 decks)

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