Assembly Language Basics Flashcards
- An application-oriented language
level 5- high level language
where do programs compile into assembly languages
lvl 4
the bridge between machine language and high-level language
lvl 4
Call Function written at?
the operating level lvl 3
instructions that have already been defined into the system
mcenomics
Programs are translated at what lvl?
instruction set architecture (level 2)
- Provides services to level 4 programs
lvl 3
Programs then translated to run at ?
lvl 2
known as Conventional Machine Language
Level 2: Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
level 2 is executed by?
lvl 1
Interprets machine instructions (level 2)
Level 1: Microarchitecture
lvl 1 is excecuted by?
lvl 0
- CPU, constructed from?
*Digital logic gates
*System Bus
*Memory
the CPU is implemented using?
bipolar transistors
Virtual Machine Languages?
- Level 5: High Level Language
- Level 4: Assembly Language
- Level 3: Operating System
- Level 2: Instruction Set Architecture
- Level 1: Microarchitecture
- Level 0: Digital Logic
performs arithmetic and logical (bitwise) operations
ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
coordinates sequence of execution steps
control unit (cu)
Synchronizes CPU operations with other system component
clock
a group of parallel wires that transfer data
a bus
bus types?
*Address
*Data
*Control
holds the address of instructions and data, when the currently executing instructions transfers data between the CPU and memory, basically, it finds where the data is located especially in memory, and you use this bus to find where you stored it
address bus
transfers instructions and data between the CPU and Memory
data bus
uses binary signals to synchronize actions of all devices attached to the system bus
control bus
is a binary pattern designed inside a microprocessor to perform a specific function?
an instruction
The entire group of instructions that a microprocessor supports is called?
an instruction set
An instruction consists of an Opcode, usually with some additional information like where the operands come from and where the results go
instruction format
Simple IEC?
fetch, decode, and execute
The memory unit has TWO fundemental operations
read and write
Reads previously stored data
read
Stores a value in memory
write
accumulator: automatically used by multiplication and division instructions
EAX
loop counter: contain the loop count value for iterative instructions
ECX
index registers: used by high-speed memory transfer instructions.
ESI, EDI
the instruction pointer (also called program counter): contains the address of the next instruction to be executed.
EIP
a register consists of individual binary bits that control the operation of the CPU or reflect the outcome of some CPU operation.
EFLAGS
record certain information about the most recent arithmetic or logical operation.
status flags
