File Systems Flashcards
All information stored on a computer’s hard disk is managed, stored, and retrieved through a?
file system
- allocates locations on a disk for storage and keeps a record of where specific information is kept
- also implement recovery procedures when a disk area is damaged or when the OS goes down
file system
When a user double-clicks a file to open it, the _____ calls the file system with a request to open the file
user interface
The _____ determines exactly how the file is opened
file type
is a set of data that is grouped in some logical manner, assigned a name, and stored on the disk
a file
Data contained in files can be ?
text, images, music and sounds, video, or Web pages
OSs typically organize files in?
a hierarchy of folders or directories
metadata
information that describes the file and its contents but is not the actual data itself
low-level format
a software process that marks the location of disk tracks and sectors
tracks
like several circles around a disk; each track is divided into sections of equal size called sectors
block allocation
divides the disk into logical blocks called clusters, which correlate to sectors, heads, and tracks on the disk
The file allocation table (FAT)
uses a fixed portion of the disk to store this
data
The New Technology File System (NTFS)
use various locations on the disk to store a special type of file called the Master File
Table (MFT)
the Master File Table (MFT)
that is used for directory and file allocation information
Partitioning
the process of reserving some or all of a disk to be used by a particular file system, such as FAT or NTFS
After partitioning, the disk must be _____ in order for the OS to store files
high-level formatted
Each formatted partition is usually referred to as a?
volume
When a partition is created, information about that partition is stored in a special area of the disk known as?
the partition table or disk label
A traditional BIOS uses?
the Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning method
A primary partition can be?
formatted and assigned a drive letter
A primary partition can also be an active partition which?
which can contain boot code to start an
OS
An extended partition___?
cannot be formatted
logical drive
can then be formatted and assigned a drive letter, but cannot be active
cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
to ensure that no unauthorized changes have been made to the table
basic disks ?
use either the MBR or GPT disk partitioning scheme
- They do not support disk spanning, disk striping, or RAID configurations
dynamic disks
do not use traditional fixed partitioning schemes such as MBR and GPT
volume mount point
The empty folder into which a volume is mounted
formatting
the process of placing the file system on a partition
disk cluster
a group of one or more sectors used to store files
bad clusters
Unusable spots are marked in the FAT
Each formatted partition on a disk is known as?
volume
having multiple filenames that refer to the same file
hard linking
disk quotas
can be used to put a hard limit on the amount of storage a user’s files can occupy
volume mount points
enable you to access a volume as a folder in another volume instead of using a drive letter
shadow copies
a feature where users can access previous versions of files in shared folders and restore files that have been deleted or corrupted
the ability to keep a log or journal of file system activity
journaling
hot fix
allows NTFS to automatically copy information from one bad area of a disk to another disk area that is not damaged
self healing NFT
a utility that runs in the background to correct hard disk problems, making downtime less frequent
CD-ROM File System (CDFS)?
is supported so that OSs can read and write files
to DVD/CD-ROM drives
Universal Disk Format (UDF) is?
used on DVD/CD-ROMs, which in turn are
used for large file storage to accommodate movies and games
superblock
contains information about the layout of blocks, sectors, and cylinder groups on the file system
symbolic link
used to link a directory entry to a file that is on a different partition
Boot blocks are followed by a volume information block, which ?
points to other important areas of information
data fork
contains frequently changing information (such as word-processing data)
resource fork
contains information that is fixed (such as a program’s icons, menu resources, and splash screens)
container
a block of reserved space on a drive that contains one or more volumes
