virtual relationships in social media

Question 1

What are the 2 main theories of how self-disclosure operates within CMC

Answer 1

• reduced cues theory

- hyper personal model

Question 2

Who came up with the reduced cues theory

Answer 2

Sproull and Kiesler (1986)

Question 3

What does the reduced cues theory imply

Answer 3

CMC relationships are less effective than face to face relationships

Question 4

Why are CMC relationships less effective then FtF relationships

Answer 4

lack many cues we normally depend on in FtF interactions

Question 5

Deindividuation factors

Answer 5

Non verbal cues, physical appearance
emotional state
facial expressions
tone of voice

Question 6

What can the lack of non verbal cues result in

Answer 6

deindividuation because of the reduction in our sense of identity

Question 7

What do virtual relationships often involve

Answer 7

Blunt or aggressive communication

Question 8

What does blunt or aggressive communication lead to

Answer 8

reluctance to self-disclosure because you’re less likely to want to initiate a relationship with someone who appears impersonal

Question 9

Who came up with the Hyper personal model

Answer 9

Walther’s (1996, 2011)

Question 10

What does the hyper personal model state

Answer 10

Online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self disclosure than FtF ones

Question 11

What is the explanation of the hyper personal model

Answer 11

CMC relationships can develop very quickly as self-disclosure happens earlier, once established they[‘re more intensive and intimate

Question 12

What is a key feature self disclosure in virtual relationships

Answer 12

the sender of the message has more time to manipulate their online image than they would FtF \

Question 13

What is self presentation

Answer 13

manipulating your online image

Question 14

Why can CMC relationships end faster

Answer 14

High excitement level of the interaction isn’t matched by the level of trust between the relationship partners

Question 15

What is the boom and bust phenomenon of online relationships cooper and Sportolari (1997)

Answer 15

Relationships end faster due to high excitement not being matched by the level of trust between partners

Question 16

What do people online have more control over

Answer 16

What to disclose and the cues they send

Question 17

How does manipulating self disclosure affect a relationship

Answer 17

Promote intimacy in CMC relationships by self presenting in a positive and idealised way

Question 18

What effect does anonymity have on a relationship

Answer 18

More hyperpersonal

Question 19

What did Bargh et al (2002) suggest

Answer 19

when you’re aware that other people don’t know your identity you fell less accountable for your behaviour

Question 20

What does Bargh et al (2002)’s theory lead to

Answer 20

someone disclosing more about themselves to a stranger than even their most intimate partner

Question 21

What is an element on online relationships

Answer 21

Absence of gating

Question 22

What is a “gate” in relationships

Answer 22

obstacle that can interfere with the early development of a relationship

Question 23

What are some gates in FtF interactions

Answer 23

Physical unattractiveness
stammer
social anxiety

Question 24

What did McKenna and Bargh argue in 1999

Answer 24

a huge advantage of CMC is the absence of gating

Question 25

What happens when there’s an absence of gating

Answer 25

self disclosure becomes more frequent and deeper unrealistic to FtF situations

Question 26

How does absence of gating work

Answer 26

re-focusing attention on self disclosure and away from superficial or distracting features

Question 27

What are people more interested in, in online relationships

Answer 27

What other people tell them rather than what they look like

Question 28

What does the absence of gating allow

Answer 28

people are free to create online identities that they would never manage FtF IE:

• Change sex gender
• introvert can portray as an extrovert