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MLE > Virology (First Aid) > Flashcards

Virology (First Aid) Flashcards

1
Q

Questions

A

Answers

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2
Q

DNA viruses

A

“HHAPPPy”

Herpes
Hepadnavirus
Adenovirus
Parvovirus
Papillomavirus
Polyomavirus
Poxvirus
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3
Q

Herpesviruses (7)

A 
HSV-1
HSV-2
VZV
EBV
CMV
HHV-6
HHV-7
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4
Q

Oral (but some genital) lesions

Keratoconjunctivitis

A

HSV-1

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5
Q

Genital (but some oral) lesions

A

HSV-2

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6
Q

Mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

EBV

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7
Q

Infxn in ICH, esp. transplant Pts

Congential defects

A

CMV

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8
Q

Roseola (exanthum subitum)

A

HHV-6

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9
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

HHV-8

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10
Q

Hepadnavirus (1)

A

Hepatitis B Virus

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11
Q

HBV

A

Acute or chronic hepatitis

Vaccine available

Not a retrovirus, but has RT

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12
Q

Febrile pharyngitis-Sore throat
Pneumonia
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

A

Adenovirus

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13
Q

Parvovirus

A

Parvo B19

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14
Q

Parvo B19

A

“slapped cheeks” and lacy, reticular rash

Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

Hydrops fetalis (congenital)

Aplastic crisis in sickle cell

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15
Q

“slapped cheeks” rash

Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

Hydrops fetalis

Aplastic crisis in sickle cell

A

Parvo B19

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16
Q

What’s special about Parvo B19?

A

It’s the only ssDNA virus

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17
Q

Warts, CIN, cervical cancer

A

HPV

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18
Q

Polyomavirus (2)

A

JC Virus

BK virus

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19
Q

JC Virus

A

PML in HIV

progressive multifocal leukonencephalopathy
white matter demyelination–increased MRI enhancement

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20
Q

PML in HIV

progressive multifocal leukonencephalopathy
white matter demyelination–increased MRI enhancement

A

JC Virus

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21
Q

BK virus

A

Renal transplant rejection

Hemorrhagic cystitis

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22
Q

Renal transplant rejection

Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

BK virus

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23
Q

Poxvirus (3)

A

Smallpox

Vaccinia (cow pox) - “milkmaid’s blisters”

Molluscum contagiosum

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24
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Umbilicated papular skin lesions

Peds, ICH

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25
Q

Umbilicated papular skin lesions

Peds, ICH

A

Molluscum contagiosum (Poxvirus)

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26
Q

Name the RNA viruses

A

Any virus that isn’t “HHAPPPPy” (mnemonic for DNA viruses)

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27
Q

Which DNA virus is the weirdo and why?

A

Poxviridae

It’s the only one that:

is complex, not icosahedral
doesn’t replicate in nucleus

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28
Q

Picornavirus (5)

A

“PERCH”

Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackievirus
Hepatitis A Virus
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29
Q

Secondary spread to CNS (anterior horn cells)

flaccid paralysis (RARE)

Aseptic meningitis

A

Poliovirus

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30
Q

Poliovirus

A

Secondary spread to CNS (anterior horn cells)

flaccid paralysis (RARE)

Aseptic meningitis

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31
Q

Salk/Sabin vaccines

A

Polio

Salk–inactivated vaccine

Sabin–live attenuated

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32
Q

Enterovirus

A

Coxsackie

Echovirus

Enterovirus

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33
Q

Hand-foot-mouth disease

Cardiac involvement

Aseptic meningitis

A

Enterovirus

Coxsackie, Echovirus, Enterovirus

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34
Q

Enterovirus

Coxsackie, Echovirus, Enterovirus

A

Hand-foot-mouth disease

Cardiac involvement

Aseptic meningitis

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35
Q

Hepatitis A Virus

A

Picornaviridae

Acute Hepatitis

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36
Q

Common cold

Lots of serotypes

A

Rhinovirus

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37
Q

Calciviridae (2)

A

Norwalk virus

Hepatitis E Virus

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38
Q

Gastroenteritis

Cruise ships

Food (shellfish)

A

Norwalk Virus

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39
Q

Reovirus (2)

A

Reovirus

Rotavirus

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40
Q

Colorado tick fever

A

Reovirus

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41
Q

Segmented genome

Gastroenteritis, watery diarrhea

1# cause of fatal diarrhea in peds population

A

Rotavirus

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42
Q

Why is rotavirus so special?

A

It is the only dsRNA virus

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43
Q

Flavivirus (5)

A

Hepatitis C Virus

Yellow fever

Dengue

St. Louis encephalitis

West Nile virus

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44
Q

Aedes aegypti mosquito

Jaundice, hemorrhagic disease, Councilman bodies in liver, black vomitus

Monkey or human reservoir

Live attenuated vaccine

A

Yellow fever

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45
Q

Aedes aegypti mosquito

“break bone fever”

primary infxn: fever, myalgia
secondary infxn: hemorrhagic fever

A

Dengue fever

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46
Q

Mosquitoes and birds

Fever, meningitis, encephalitis

A

St. Louis Encephalitis virus

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47
Q

Mosquitoes and birds

Fever
Encephalitis
FLACCID PARALYSIS

A

West Nile Virus

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48
Q

Togaviruses (3)

A

Rubella (German Measles)

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

Western Equine Encephalitis

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49
Q

Mild post-natal illness

Congenital:

Blueberry muffin rash
deafness
cataracts
PDA
MR

Respiratory/transplacental transmission

A

Rubella

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50
Q

Birds and mosquitoes

Asx or encephalitis

A

Western Equine Encephalitis

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51
Q

Birds, horses, mosquitoes

Myalgia, fever, encephalitis

High mortality if neuro involved

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

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52
Q

Retrovirus (2)

A

HIV

HTLV

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53
Q

T-cell leukemia

myelopathy = tropical spastic parapesis

Tropism for CD-4 cells

A

HTLV-1

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54
Q

Coronavirus (2)

A

SARS (triphasic)

Non-SARS (common cold)

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55
Q

Orthomyxovirus (1)

A

Influenza

56
Q

fever, HA, myalgia, sore throat

Segmented genome

Genetic drift/shift

Live attenuated and killed vaccine

A

Influenza

57
Q

Paramyxoviruses (4)

A

“PaRaMyxoviruses”

Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles (Rubeola)
Mumps

58
Q

Croup

A

Parainfluenza

PV1

59
Q

Parotid gland swelling
Orchitis
Respiratory Sx’s

A

Mumps

60
Q

Bronchiolitis/Respiratory Infxns in infants

Synchtial formation

Peaks in winter

A

RSV

61
Q

What do you treat RSV with?

A

Ribavarin

62
Q

4C’s
(Cough, coryza–headcold, conjunctivity, Koplick’s spots–tongue)

Confluent maculopaular rash

Subactute sclerosing panencephalitis

Vitamin A

A

Measles

63
Q

Subactute sclerosing panencephalitis

A

Measles

64
Q

Vitamin A associated virus?

A

Measles

65
Q

Rhabdovirus (1)

A

Rabies

66
Q

Negri bodies

Bullet-shaped virus

Ascend to CNS: fatal

Bat/raccoon bite: US

A

Rabies

67
Q

Negri bodies

A

Rabies

68
Q

Bullet-shaped virus

A

Rabies

69
Q

What does the location of the Rabies bite tell you about the course of the infxn?

A

The closer the bite is to the brain, the quicker the course of the disease.

70
Q

Filoviruses (2)

A

Marburg

Ebola

71
Q

Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever

A

Ebola

Marburg

72
Q

Arenaviruses (2)

A

LCV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis)

Lassa

73
Q

Hemorrhagic disease, shock, deafness, encephalitis

Spread by rodents (esp. mice)

A

Lassa virus (Arenaviridae)

74
Q

Segmented genome

Flu-like illness

Aerosolized rodent urine

A

LCV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis)

75
Q

Bunyaviruses (2)

A

California Encephalitis Virus

Hanta Virus

76
Q

Asx or encephalitis

Mosquitoes and forest animals

A

California Encephalitis Virus

77
Q

Pulmonary syndrome

Rodent droppings get aerosolized

SW US region

A

Hanta Virus

78
Q

Deltavirus

A

Hepatitis D Virus

79
Q

Must be co-infected with Hep B

A

Hepatitis D Virus

80
Q

Primary infxn: gingivostomatitis

Secondary infxn:
cold sore
Herpetic whitlow

A

HSV-1 (oral)

81
Q

Neonatal HSV Sx’s

A

SEM

CNS

Disseminated

82
Q

Tzank prep

PCR

A

HSV Dx

83
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

84
Q

Heterophile (monospot) test +

A

EBV

85
Q

Lymphoproliferative disease in ICH

A

EBV

86
Q

Heterophile (monospot) test -

A

CMV

87
Q 
Jaundice
Seizures
Microencephaly
Intracranial CALCIFICATIONS
MR
Chorioretinitis
Hearing loss
A

Congenital CMV

88
Q

Retinitis and esophagitis in AIDS

A

CMV

89
Q

CMV in AIDS: Sx’s

A

Retinitis and esophagitis

90
Q

Vesicles in different stages

A

Chicken pox

Varicella

91
Q

Vesicles in same stage

A

Smallpox

Poxvirus

92
Q

Vesicles/lesions on face and trunk

A

Chickenpox

93
Q

HPV 6-11

A

Genital warts

Condyloma accuminata

94
Q

HPV 16, 18, 31, 45

A

Cervical cancer

95
Q

Condyloma lata vs Condyloma accuminata

A

Lata = syphillis

Accuminata = HPV

96
Q

Dx of HIV?

A

Elisa then Western Blot

97
Q

Live attenuated virus vaccines induce what type of immunity?

A

Humoral and Cell-mediated

98
Q

Killed virus vaccines induce what type of immunity?

A

Humoral

99
Q

Live attenuated Viruses (7)

A 
MMR--Measles, Mumps, Rubella
Sabin (polio)
VZV
Yellow fever
Smallpox
100
Q

Killed Vaccines (4)

A

“RIP Always”

Rabies
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
Hepatitis A Virus

101
Q

Recombinant Vaccine (1)

A

Hepatitis B

102
Q

Recombination

A

Exchange of genes b/w 2 chromosomes by crossover

103
Q

Reassortment

A

When viruses with segmented genomes exchange segments.

Influenza pandemics.

104
Q

Complementation

A

When 1 of 2 viruses infect a cell and has a mutation that results in a non-functional protein.

The non-mutated virus “complements” the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses

105
Q

Phenotype mixing

A

Simultaneous infxn of a cell w/ 2 viruses.

Packaging can result in a phenotypically mixed virus.

106
Q

Negative strand viruses (7)

A

Use RNA pol to transcribe (-) strand.

“Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication Horribly”

Arenavirus
Bunyavirus
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Filovirus
Rhabdovirus
Hepatitis Delta Virus
107
Q

Segmented Viruses (4)

A

All are RNA viruses.

“BOAR”

Bunyavirus
Orthomyxovirus (Influenza)
Arenavirus
Reovirus

108
Q

HSV Identification

A

Tzanck test: smear of opened skin vesicles (HSV-1, HSV-2, VSV)

Intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions

“Tzank heavens I do not have herpes!”

109
Q

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Ag’s

A

Influenza virus

110
Q

Useful drugs for Influenza A and B (2)

A

Zanamivir and Oseltamivir

111
Q

Which leads to more virulent Influenza Virus: Antigenic Shift or Drift?

A

“Sudden Shift is more deadly than graDual Drift”

112
Q

Viruses that most commonly infect kids

A

Paramyxoviruses

Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles
Mumps

113
Q

Giant cell pneumonia

A

Measles (Rubeola)

114
Q

Arboviruses

A

Transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks)

Classic ex’s:
Dengue
Yellow fever

115
Q

Name the hepatitis:

Fecal-oral route.
Short incubation.
No carriers.

A

Hepatitis A (picornavirus)

“A: Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers)”

116
Q

Name the hepatitis:

Parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal transmission.
Long incubation.
Carriers.
Has reverse transcriptase.

A

Hepatitis B (hepadnavirus)

“B: Blood borne”

117
Q

Name the hepatitis:

Carried in blood.
Long incubation.
Carriers.
IV Users.

A

Hepatitis C (flavivirus)

“C: Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carriers”

118
Q

Name the hepatitis:

Defective virus, requires HBV.
Requires HBsAg as envelope.
Carriers.

A

Hepatitis D (Delta virus)

“D: Defective, Dependant”

119
Q

Name the hepatitis:

Enterically transmitted.
Causes water borne epidemics.
Short incubation.
High mortality in PREGNANT WOMEN.

A

Hepatitis E (Calciviridae)

“E: Enteric, Expectant mom, Epidemic”

120
Q

Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route?

A

A and E.

“The VOWELS hit your BOWELS.”

121
Q

Name the hepatitis viruses (2):

Chronic active hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A

HBV

HCV

122
Q

IgG HAVAb

A

Prior infxn.

Protective against reinfection.

123
Q

IgM HAVAb

A

Active hepatitis A.

124
Q

HBsAg

A

Surface Ag on HBV.

Continued presence indicates carrier state.

125
Q

HBsAb

A

Ab to HBsAg.

Provides immunity to hepatitis B.

126
Q

HBcAg

A

Ag associated with core of HBV

127
Q

HBcAb

A

Ab to HBcAg.

Positive during window period.
Indicator of recent disease.

128
Q

IgG HBcAb

A

Chronic HBV disease

129
Q

HBeAg

A

2nd, different antigenic determinant in HBV core

Indicator of active viral replication and transmissibility.

“BEware!”

130
Q

HBeAb

A

Ab to HBeAg.

Low transmissibility.

131
Q

LFTs in Alcoholic vs. Viral Hepatitis

A

Alcoholic: ALT< AST

Viral: ALT>AST

132
Q

HIV envelope proteins

A

gp41 and gp120

133
Q

What does the HIV virus bind to on T-cells?

A

CXCR4 and CD4

134
Q

What does the HIV virus bind to on Macrophages?

A

CCR5 and CD4

135
Q

CD4+ count required for AIDS diagnosis?

A

Less than 200 CD4

HIV+
AIDS indicator conditions
CD4/CD8 ratio < 1.5

136
Q

ELISA/Western blot tests look for what in HIV?

A

Antibodies to viral proteins.

Often falsely negative 1-2 months of infection.
Often falsely positive initially in babies born to HIV+ moms

MLE (11 decks)

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