Virology (First Aid) Flashcards
1
Q
Questions
A
Answers
2
Q
DNA viruses
A
“HHAPPPy”
Herpes Hepadnavirus Adenovirus Parvovirus Papillomavirus Polyomavirus Poxvirus
3
Q
Herpesviruses (7)
A
HSV-1 HSV-2 VZV EBV CMV HHV-6 HHV-7
4
Q
Oral (but some genital) lesions
Keratoconjunctivitis
A
HSV-1
5
Q
Genital (but some oral) lesions
A
HSV-2
6
Q
Mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma
A
EBV
7
Q
Infxn in ICH, esp. transplant Pts
Congential defects
A
CMV
8
Q
Roseola (exanthum subitum)
A
HHV-6
9
Q
Kaposi sarcoma
A
HHV-8
10
Q
Hepadnavirus (1)
A
Hepatitis B Virus
11
Q
HBV
A
Acute or chronic hepatitis
Vaccine available
Not a retrovirus, but has RT
12
Q
Febrile pharyngitis-Sore throat
Pneumonia
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
A
Adenovirus
13
Q
Parvovirus
A
Parvo B19
14
Q
Parvo B19
A
“slapped cheeks” and lacy, reticular rash
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
Hydrops fetalis (congenital)
Aplastic crisis in sickle cell
15
Q
“slapped cheeks” rash
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
Hydrops fetalis
Aplastic crisis in sickle cell
A
Parvo B19
16
Q
What’s special about Parvo B19?
A
It’s the only ssDNA virus
17
Q
Warts, CIN, cervical cancer
A
HPV
18
Q
Polyomavirus (2)
A
JC Virus
BK virus
19
Q
JC Virus
A
PML in HIV
progressive multifocal leukonencephalopathy
white matter demyelination–increased MRI enhancement
20
Q
PML in HIV
progressive multifocal leukonencephalopathy
white matter demyelination–increased MRI enhancement
A
JC Virus
21
Q
BK virus
A
Renal transplant rejection
Hemorrhagic cystitis
22
Q
Renal transplant rejection
Hemorrhagic cystitis
A
BK virus
23
Q
Poxvirus (3)
A
Smallpox
Vaccinia (cow pox) - “milkmaid’s blisters”
Molluscum contagiosum
24
Q
Molluscum contagiosum
A
Umbilicated papular skin lesions
Peds, ICH
25
Umbilicated papular skin lesions
| Peds, ICH
Molluscum contagiosum (Poxvirus)
26
Name the RNA viruses
Any virus that isn't "HHAPPPPy" (mnemonic for DNA viruses)
27
Which DNA virus is the weirdo and why?
Poxviridae
It's the only one that:
is complex, not icosahedral
doesn't replicate in nucleus
28
Picornavirus (5)
"PERCH"
```
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackievirus
Hepatitis A Virus
```
29
Secondary spread to CNS (anterior horn cells)
flaccid paralysis (RARE)
Aseptic meningitis
Poliovirus
30
Poliovirus
Secondary spread to CNS (anterior horn cells)
flaccid paralysis (RARE)
Aseptic meningitis
31
Salk/Sabin vaccines
Polio
Salk--inactivated vaccine
Sabin--live attenuated
32
Enterovirus
Coxsackie
Echovirus
Enterovirus
33
Hand-foot-mouth disease
Cardiac involvement
Aseptic meningitis
Enterovirus
| Coxsackie, Echovirus, Enterovirus
34
Enterovirus
| Coxsackie, Echovirus, Enterovirus
Hand-foot-mouth disease
Cardiac involvement
Aseptic meningitis
35
Hepatitis A Virus
Picornaviridae
Acute Hepatitis
36
Common cold
Lots of serotypes
Rhinovirus
37
Calciviridae (2)
Norwalk virus
Hepatitis E Virus
38
Gastroenteritis
Cruise ships
Food (shellfish)
Norwalk Virus
39
Reovirus (2)
Reovirus
Rotavirus
40
Colorado tick fever
Reovirus
41
Segmented genome
Gastroenteritis, watery diarrhea
1# cause of fatal diarrhea in peds population
Rotavirus
42
Why is rotavirus so special?
It is the only dsRNA virus
43
Flavivirus (5)
Hepatitis C Virus
Yellow fever
Dengue
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile virus
44
Aedes aegypti mosquito
Jaundice, hemorrhagic disease, Councilman bodies in liver, black vomitus
Monkey or human reservoir
Live attenuated vaccine
Yellow fever
45
Aedes aegypti mosquito
"break bone fever"
primary infxn: fever, myalgia
secondary infxn: hemorrhagic fever
Dengue fever
46
Mosquitoes and birds
Fever, meningitis, encephalitis
St. Louis Encephalitis virus
47
Mosquitoes and birds
Fever
Encephalitis
FLACCID PARALYSIS
West Nile Virus
48
Togaviruses (3)
Rubella (German Measles)
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Western Equine Encephalitis
49
Mild post-natal illness
Congenital:
```
Blueberry muffin rash
deafness
cataracts
PDA
MR
```
Respiratory/transplacental transmission
Rubella
50
Birds and mosquitoes
Asx or encephalitis
Western Equine Encephalitis
51
Birds, horses, mosquitoes
Myalgia, fever, encephalitis
High mortality if neuro involved
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
52
Retrovirus (2)
HIV
| HTLV
53
T-cell leukemia
myelopathy = tropical spastic parapesis
Tropism for CD-4 cells
HTLV-1
54
Coronavirus (2)
SARS (triphasic)
Non-SARS (common cold)
55
Orthomyxovirus (1)
Influenza
56
fever, HA, myalgia, sore throat
Segmented genome
Genetic drift/shift
Live attenuated and killed vaccine
Influenza
57
Paramyxoviruses (4)
"PaRaMyxoviruses"
Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles (Rubeola)
Mumps
58
Croup
Parainfluenza
| PV1
59
Parotid gland swelling
Orchitis
Respiratory Sx's
Mumps
60
Bronchiolitis/Respiratory Infxns in infants
Synchtial formation
Peaks in winter
RSV
61
What do you treat RSV with?
Ribavarin
62
4C's
(Cough, coryza--headcold, conjunctivity, Koplick's spots--tongue)
Confluent maculopaular rash
Subactute sclerosing panencephalitis
Vitamin A
Measles
63
Subactute sclerosing panencephalitis
Measles
64
Vitamin A associated virus?
Measles
65
Rhabdovirus (1)
Rabies
66
Negri bodies
Bullet-shaped virus
Ascend to CNS: fatal
Bat/raccoon bite: US
Rabies
67
Negri bodies
Rabies
68
Bullet-shaped virus
Rabies
69
What does the location of the Rabies bite tell you about the course of the infxn?
The closer the bite is to the brain, the quicker the course of the disease.
70
Filoviruses (2)
Marburg
| Ebola
71
Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever
Ebola
Marburg
72
Arenaviruses (2)
LCV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis)
Lassa
73
Hemorrhagic disease, shock, deafness, encephalitis
Spread by rodents (esp. mice)
Lassa virus (Arenaviridae)
74
Segmented genome
Flu-like illness
Aerosolized rodent urine
LCV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis)
75
Bunyaviruses (2)
California Encephalitis Virus
| Hanta Virus
76
Asx or encephalitis
Mosquitoes and forest animals
California Encephalitis Virus
77
Pulmonary syndrome
Rodent droppings get aerosolized
SW US region
Hanta Virus
78
Deltavirus
Hepatitis D Virus
79
Must be co-infected with Hep B
Hepatitis D Virus
80
Primary infxn: gingivostomatitis
Secondary infxn:
cold sore
Herpetic whitlow
HSV-1 (oral)
81
Neonatal HSV Sx's
SEM
CNS
Disseminated
82
Tzank prep
PCR
HSV Dx
83
Atypical lymphocytes
EBV
84
Heterophile (monospot) test +
EBV
85
Lymphoproliferative disease in ICH
EBV
86
Heterophile (monospot) test -
CMV
87
```
Jaundice
Seizures
Microencephaly
Intracranial CALCIFICATIONS
MR
Chorioretinitis
Hearing loss
```
Congenital CMV
88
Retinitis and esophagitis in AIDS
CMV
89
CMV in AIDS: Sx's
Retinitis and esophagitis
90
Vesicles in different stages
Chicken pox
| Varicella
91
Vesicles in same stage
Smallpox
| Poxvirus
92
Vesicles/lesions on face and trunk
Chickenpox
93
HPV 6-11
Genital warts
Condyloma accuminata
94
HPV 16, 18, 31, 45
Cervical cancer
95
Condyloma lata vs Condyloma accuminata
Lata = syphillis
Accuminata = HPV
96
Dx of HIV?
Elisa then Western Blot
97
Live attenuated virus vaccines induce what type of immunity?
Humoral and Cell-mediated
98
Killed virus vaccines induce what type of immunity?
Humoral
99
Live attenuated Viruses (7)
```
MMR--Measles, Mumps, Rubella
Sabin (polio)
VZV
Yellow fever
Smallpox
```
100
Killed Vaccines (4)
"RIP Always"
Rabies
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
Hepatitis A Virus
101
Recombinant Vaccine (1)
Hepatitis B
102
Recombination
Exchange of genes b/w 2 chromosomes by crossover
103
Reassortment
When viruses with segmented genomes exchange segments.
Influenza pandemics.
104
Complementation
When 1 of 2 viruses infect a cell and has a mutation that results in a non-functional protein.
The non-mutated virus "complements" the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses
105
Phenotype mixing
Simultaneous infxn of a cell w/ 2 viruses.
Packaging can result in a phenotypically mixed virus.
106
Negative strand viruses (7)
Use RNA pol to transcribe (-) strand.
"Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication Horribly"
```
Arenavirus
Bunyavirus
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Filovirus
Rhabdovirus
Hepatitis Delta Virus
```
107
Segmented Viruses (4)
All are RNA viruses.
"BOAR"
Bunyavirus
Orthomyxovirus (Influenza)
Arenavirus
Reovirus
108
HSV Identification
Tzanck test: smear of opened skin vesicles (HSV-1, HSV-2, VSV)
Intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions
"Tzank heavens I do not have herpes!"
109
Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Ag's
Influenza virus
110
Useful drugs for Influenza A and B (2)
Zanamivir and Oseltamivir
111
Which leads to more virulent Influenza Virus: Antigenic Shift or Drift?
"Sudden Shift is more deadly than graDual Drift"
112
Viruses that most commonly infect kids
Paramyxoviruses
Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles
Mumps
113
Giant cell pneumonia
Measles (Rubeola)
114
Arboviruses
Transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks)
Classic ex's:
Dengue
Yellow fever
115
Name the hepatitis:
Fecal-oral route.
Short incubation.
No carriers.
Hepatitis A (picornavirus)
"A: Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers)"
116
Name the hepatitis:
Parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal transmission.
Long incubation.
Carriers.
Has reverse transcriptase.
Hepatitis B (hepadnavirus)
"B: Blood borne"
117
Name the hepatitis:
Carried in blood.
Long incubation.
Carriers.
IV Users.
Hepatitis C (flavivirus)
"C: Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carriers"
118
Name the hepatitis:
Defective virus, requires HBV.
Requires HBsAg as envelope.
Carriers.
Hepatitis D (Delta virus)
"D: Defective, Dependant"
119
Name the hepatitis:
Enterically transmitted.
Causes water borne epidemics.
Short incubation.
High mortality in PREGNANT WOMEN.
Hepatitis E (Calciviridae)
"E: Enteric, Expectant mom, Epidemic"
120
Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
A and E.
"The VOWELS hit your BOWELS."
121
Name the hepatitis viruses (2):
Chronic active hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HBV
HCV
122
IgG HAVAb
Prior infxn.
Protective against reinfection.
123
IgM HAVAb
Active hepatitis A.
124
HBsAg
Surface Ag on HBV.
Continued presence indicates carrier state.
125
HBsAb
Ab to HBsAg.
Provides immunity to hepatitis B.
126
HBcAg
Ag associated with core of HBV
127
HBcAb
Ab to HBcAg.
Positive during window period.
Indicator of recent disease.
128
IgG HBcAb
Chronic HBV disease
129
HBeAg
2nd, different antigenic determinant in HBV core
Indicator of active viral replication and transmissibility.
"BEware!"
130
HBeAb
Ab to HBeAg.
Low transmissibility.
131
LFTs in Alcoholic vs. Viral Hepatitis
Alcoholic: ALT< AST
Viral: ALT>AST
132
HIV envelope proteins
gp41 and gp120
133
What does the HIV virus bind to on T-cells?
CXCR4 and CD4
134
What does the HIV virus bind to on Macrophages?
CCR5 and CD4
135
CD4+ count required for AIDS diagnosis?
Less than 200 CD4
HIV+
AIDS indicator conditions
CD4/CD8 ratio < 1.5
136
ELISA/Western blot tests look for what in HIV?
Antibodies to viral proteins.
Often falsely negative 1-2 months of infection.
Often falsely positive initially in babies born to HIV+ moms
