Virology

Question 1

What are the different shapes of virsuses

Answer 1

. Icosidrem (small genomes, simple shapes)
. Icosotiectral/ hedical
. Some evnoloped by liquid

Question 2

How are virsuses classified

Answer 2

. Type of neucli acid (DNA/RNA)
. Number of strands of neucli acid
. Capsid symmetry
. Presence of lipid envelope

Question 3

How do you study virsuses

Answer 3

. Electron microscopes
. Cell cultures
. Techniques from molecular biology: immunology
. Safety precautions

Question 4

How are viruses transmissioned

Answer 4

Air
Contact
Animals
Contaminated food and water
Body fluid

Question 5

What virsuses can be spread through skin…

Answer 5

. Skin abrasion- HSV1
.exema - papilomavirus
. Injection - HIV 
. Animal bite- rabies 
. Infect vector- yellow feaver

Question 6

How are virsuses spread through mucous membranes

Answer 6

. Conjunctiva- fingers - HSV1
. g tract -  sex - hep B
. Oral - kiss - herpesvirus 
. Alimentary tract- fecal oral - rotavirus
. Respiratory - aerosols- mumps

Question 7

What is an example virus that is an infection with a full recovery

Answer 7

Rotavirus

. Diarrhoea, reduction in surface area and damage to villi and mucosa

Question 8

What is an example virus that is an acute infection with permenent damage

Answer 8

Poliovirus
. Paralysis to motor neurone function, damage to cells of anterior horn in a spinal cord, destroy some motor neurone function.

Question 9

What is an example of a reoccurring infection

Answer 9

Herpes simplex

. Latency in cold sores, not always symptoms until a trigger

Question 10

What is an example congenital infection before birth

Answer 10

Cytomegalovirus

. Passed mother to womb, 40% no symptoms, large liver and spleen mental illness hearing loss.

Question 11

What is an example infection that causes cancer

Answer 11

Epstein-Barr, Burkitts Lymphona

. Tumour cancer is cells in jaw

Question 12

What is an example of an emerging virus infection

Answer 12

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

. Wasting, low instance and no large number infected

Question 13

What is an example of a successfully eradicated virus

Answer 13

. Smallpox

Question 14

What is the primary virus of HSV1

Answer 14

. Gingivitistmattis and secondary bacterial infection

- above waist, tongue and cold sore, complications (immunocompromised/ eczema herpericum)

Question 15

What is the primary infection of HSV2

Answer 15

Genital herpes
. Feaver pain, leisions circus or buttocks, lead to meningitis, 60-80 asymptomatic, neonatal herpes (skin and mouth, disseminated (80), neurological (50))

Question 16

What is a complication of the VZV virus

Answer 16

Chickenpox
. Shingles reoccurant (nerves), respiratory, feaver, rash mucous membranes, immunocompromised pneumonia/staph
. In pregnancy 20 week and after brirth fatal, 2-3 tri normal
. Treat zoster immune globulin

Question 17

What is the primary virus of EBV

Answer 17

Mononucleosis

. Glandular feaver, tonsil and mouth, reactivity by Burkitts Lymphona

Question 18

What is the primary infection of the CMV virus

Answer 18

Cytomegalovirus
. Asymptomatic, common deactivation, serious immunocompromised, conjenitally infection.
. Immunocompromised- feaver, pneumonitis, hep, poor graft function

Question 19

What is the primary infection or HHV6 HHV7

Answer 19

Roseola infartum
. Rash feaver mild, complications (13% siezures hospital respiratory tract infection)
. 90% adults antibody

Question 20

What is the primary infection from HHV8

Answer 20

. Endothelial cell tumour

. Kaposil sarcoma associated herpes, AIDS

Question 21

What is the primary infection of the paramyxovirus

Answer 21

Mumps
. Childhood illness, parotitis salivary gland, respiratory trans
Complications - orchitis, spine meningitis enephalis

Question 22

What is mumps

Answer 22

Paramyxovirus 
. Childhood
. Rash head to legs
. Infectious before rash
. Compilations- bronchopneumonia, encephalitis, SSPE

Question 23

What is parainfluenza

Answer 23

Paramyxovirus
. Acute respiratory infection
. Can lead to pneumonia

Question 24

What is RSV respiratory synctial virus

Answer 24

Paramyxovirus
. Worldwide cause LRT disorders
. Mild in young adults and adults
. Urt- LRT bronchitis

Question 25

What does orthomyxovirade cause

Answer 25

``` Flu . AB&C . Common (A) . 2nd Bactria kill . 55+ 75% death . At risk- pregnant asthmatic heart disease ```

Question 26

What does togavirus cause

Answer 26

``` Rubella . Mild in childhood . Rash centripetal spread . Feaver and runny nose . Arthritis in adults . Pregnant- complications Congenital rubella . Abortion . CR syndrome . Blindness and hearing loss . Heart malformation retardation diabetes ```

Question 27

What does retrovirade cause

Answer 27

HIV . Cause AID . Destroy t helper lymph nodes

Question 28

What are the properties of a virus

Answer 28

``` . Genetic material in a protein coat . Obligate intracellular paracites . Cannot replicate outside of a cell . Don't divide in a binary fashion . Smaller than bacteria . Simple structure ```