Gram - Flashcards
What are the 3 staged of whooping cough
Catarrinal stage (runny nose feaver)
Paroxysmal stage (fits whoop)
Convalescent stage (recovery)
How is whooping cough spread
Normally by children and infants though droplet diffusion and close contact
How do you prevent whooping cough
D tap vaccine (those under 2, travelling to colonised areas, working in high risk environment)
What anti microbial antibiotic treats whooping cough
Erytrocyin
What are the two types of bacterial meningitis
Neisseria (bcyn)
Haemophius influenzae (b)
How do you test for bacterial meningitis
- Blood cultures
- Csf culture
- Csf gran stain- most specific
How do you prevent meningitis
HIB
MEN B
MEN C
MEN ACWY
VACCINES
When is haemophius influenzae most likely to strike
In early childhood with a 5% mortality
What do haemophius influenzae strains look like
Only 5% capsules
Gram negative rods
Cause non invasive infections
What do neisseria meningitis bacteria look like
Capsulated
Bean shaped
Diplococci
What are the symptoms of Gonorrhaea in men
Urethral- discharge (80%) pysuria
Rectal- aysmptomatic
Pharyngeal- aysmptomatic
What are the symptoms of Gonorrhaea in women
Urethral- 12% dysuria
Rectal- asymptomatic
Pharyngeal- a symptomatic
Endocrenical- asymptomatic (50%) discharge (50%) low abdominal pain (25%)
What are the complications associated with Gonorrhaea
PID infertility Neonatal conjunctivitis Blood/joints problems Ectopic pregnancy
What is the modern treatment for gonorrhoea
Cephisoporin
What can proteus cause
Catheter colonisation
UTI
Bacteraemia
Pneumonia
What can escherichia coli cause
Bacteraemia
UTI
GI infections
Neonatal meningitis
What are the symptoms of an e.coli UTI
. Increased WBC and RBC in urine
. Symptoms e.g stinging peeing
. Increased bacteria cells in urine
What are the 3 types of escherichia coli UTI
Kidney- pyleophits
Bladder- cystitis
Urethera- urithitis
Four facts about escherichia coli cystitis infection
. Happens in young girls who have sex for first time
. Uncomplicated
. Stinging Sensation when peeing
.50% females have at least 1 episode
Five facts about pyelonephritis escherichia coli UTI infections
. Severe low back pain . Vommitting/feaver/chills . Bacteraemia . CNA tenderness . Increased RBC and WBC in urine
What are two types of diarrhoeaogenic escherichia coli infections
EHEC
E.coli 0157
What complications can arise from disrrhoaeogenic escherichia coli
Haemolytic urethritis syndrome
Mid gastroitits, renal failure
What can salmonella cause
GI tract infections
Enteric feaver
What are the symptoms of non-typhoidal salmonella
12-72 hours diohrea
