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Microbiology > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

all known viruses with a helical structure have

A

RNA genomes

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2
Q

Most helical viruses possess

A

An outer envelope

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3
Q

Adenoviruses are what shape?

A

Icosahedral and non-enveloped

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4
Q

What’s an example of a enveloped cubic virus?

A

Herpesviridae

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5
Q

What’s an example of a enveloped tubular virus?

A

Influenza

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6
Q

Vast majority of viruses have what type of genome

A

RNA

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7
Q

What are the 6 DNA viruses?

A 
1 - herpes
2- Hep B
3- Parvovirus b
4- Adeno
5- HPV
6- Polyoma
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8
Q

Most neutralizing Abs target what part of the virus?

A

Often attachment proteins- surface

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9
Q

Where does the DNA virus replicate its DNA?

A

In host cell nucleus - mediated by viral enzymes

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10
Q

The “+” strand of RNA virsues

A

Codes for proteins directly - like mRNA

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11
Q

The “-“ strand of RNA viruses

A

needs to make a “+” strand like influenza

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12
Q

Enveloped viruses enter cells via….

Non-enveloped viruses enter via

A

Fusion

Endocytosis

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13
Q

Outcome of a viral infection depends on 2 things

A

1- host’s defence mechanisms

2- Organism’s ability to evade destruction

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14
Q

An example of a slow virus infection

A

measles

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15
Q

example of chronic carriers (virus)

A

CMV, Rubella, Hep B HepC

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16
Q

What are 2 good disinfectants for viruses

A

Hypochlorite and gluteraldehyde

viruses resistant to phenols

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17
Q

What type of viruses have hours to 1-2 day incubation periods

A

GI viruses

Respiratory viruses

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18
Q

What type of viruses have week long incubations (1-3 weeks)

A 
MMR
VSV, HSV, 
Chlamydia
Enteroviruses, Polio
WNV
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19
Q

4 viruses that take weeks to months to incubat

A

HIV
EBV
Rabies
Hepatitis virsues - B

20
Q

How long after infection is IgM formed?

A

1 week persists for 4-6 weeks - up to 6 mo

21
Q

IgG persists for how long?

A

months to years

22
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity T cells release

A

macrophage activating factor

23
Q

Il-1 and IL-2 modulate

A

the immune response against a virus

24
Q

Detect viruses in 3 ways

A

cytopathic effect
serology - detect antigen
EM

25
Q

Which virus is a double stranded DNA virus with an envelope?

A

Herpesviridae

26
Q

What 2 types of infections do the herpes viruses cause

A

Lytic and Latent infections

27
Q

Which viruses commonly transmit via transfusion or transplant?

A

CMV
EBV
HHV6
HHV8

28
Q

which virus is commonly transmitted via aerosols

A

VZV

29
Q

Herpes viruses dont survive very well where?

A

Environment, low fomite transmission

30
Q

What % of HSV-2 primary infections are symptomatic?

A

10-15%

31
Q

What % of HSV-1 is urogenital

A

10-30%

32
Q

Is there value in checking antibodies to HSV?

A

no - cant tell if it’s primary or recurrent

33
Q

what 3 antivirals limit replication of HSV

A

Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

34
Q

Lifetime risk of reactivation of VZV is

A

30%

35
Q

Most common site for shingles

A

Thoraxix and cranial

36
Q

2 ways of preventing VZV

A

1 - VZIG given within 96 hours of exposure

2- vaccination - varicella

37
Q

Both varicella and zoster vaccines are

A

live attenuated virus

38
Q

HHV-6 is

A

roseola infantum

39
Q

HHV-7 is

A

EBV

40
Q

incubation period for EBV

Incubation period for VZV

A

4-7 weeks

10-21 days

41
Q

Specific subtypes of EBV are associated with

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

42
Q

which patients get severe disease with CMV?

A
  • HIV patients
  • Transplants (20-60% of people develop an infection)
  • Neonates -
43
Q

CMV infection in neonates is associated with

A

cytomegalic inclusion disease

  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • microcephaly etc.
44
Q

Acute infection of healthy persons with HHV-8 can result in

A

Febrile exanthem

mononucleosis ?

45
Q

In immunocompromised individuals HHV-8 can lead to

A

kaposi’s sarcoma
casteleman’s disease
pEL

Microbiology (21 decks)

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