Mycology

Question 1

Fungi most often reproduce

Answer 1

Asexually

Question 2

what type of atmosphere do fungi require

Answer 2

Aerobic atm

Question 3

saprophytic fungi use

Answer 3

Non-living organic material to grow

Question 4

E.g. of a yeast fungus

Answer 4

Single celled Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 5

MOULDS are made up of

Answer 5

Hyphae -

Question 6

Aerial hyphae provide support for reproductive structures

Answer 6

Conidia

vegetative hyphae are nutritional support

Question 7

E.g. of a mould fungus

Answer 7

Aspergillus fumigatus

trichopyton rubrum - athletes foot

Question 8

Dimorphic fungi exist as what at 37?

Answer 8

yeast in human body in vivo

Question 9

Dimorphic fungi exist as what at 22-25?

Answer 9

Mould present in nature

Question 10

E.g. of a dimorphic fungus

Answer 10

Blastomyces dermatidis - can cause pneumonia endemic in canada, ontario manitoba

Question 11

what are the most important inflammatory responses to fungi?

Answer 11

• innate - neutrophils!!!

- cell-mediated - T cells needed

Question 12

E.g. of a mucocutaneous fungal infection

Answer 12

C. albicans -

moisture, warmth, decreased neutrophils or CMI, or disruption of normal flora!

Question 13

E.g. of superficial fungal infections

Answer 13

Often dermatophytoses - ringworm/tinea

- allergic and inflammatory response

Question 14

What can dermatophytes do?

Answer 14

Use keratin as a nutrient source using keratinase

Question 15

3 epidemiological superficial fungal groups

Answer 15

1- geophilic - soil - microsporum gypseum
2- Zoophilic - parasitic on animals, microsporum canis
3- anthropophilic - parasitic on humans - Trichosporon rubrum

Question 16

three genera that cause dermatophytosis

Answer 16

1- trichophyton
2- Epidermophyton
3- Microsporum

Question 17

superficial fungal infections such as tinea versicolor are characterized by

Answer 17

chronic infection with white/pink/fawn

caused by malassezia furfur

Question 18

3 subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 18

1- chromoblastomycosis (affect lower feet)
2- mycetoma
3- sporothrix schenki

Question 19

Chromoblastomycosis is

Answer 19

chronic
nodular
caused by black moulds

Question 20

Mycetoma

Answer 20

chronic nodules
- sinus tracts
discharge of visible grains - black moulds

Question 21

E.g. of agents of dimorphic mycoses

Answer 21

• blastomyces dermatitidis - blastomycosis

- systemic

Question 22

dimorphic fungi often

Answer 22

produce disseminated disease
often lung infections first
soil organisms
infect normal and immunocompromised hosts

Question 23

Blastomyces dematitidis

Answer 23

endemic in ontario - borders of missisipi and ohio river basin
inhalation of conidia from environment
convert to yeast - then disseminates brain bone and skin

Question 24

Opportunistic mycoses

Answer 24

grow at 37 can access the bloodstream and cause systemic disease

Question 25

Examples of opportunistic mycoses

Answer 25

C. albicans
Cryptococcosis
aspergillosis

Question 26

Systemic candidiasis can hematogenously disseminate to

Answer 26

skin lesion
endophthalmitis
renal

Question 27

Aspergillosis and zygomycosis are

Answer 27

Highly angioinvasive -

Question 28

2 things you need in a lab to identify fungus

Answer 28

10% KOH
and
Calcofluor white

Question 29

Cryptococcus neoformans is a

Answer 29

Yeast fungus with a capsule

Question 30

Tinea pedis most often caused by

Answer 30

Trichopytum rubrom

Question 31

Blastomycosis is dangerous

Answer 31

to lab technologists! - mould!!