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Microbiology > ABx > Flashcards

ABx Flashcards

1
Q

3 strains of bacteria causing menigitis

A

Pneumococcus
H flu
meningococcus

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2
Q

Intra-abdominal cluster bacteria

A

Gram negative aerobic bacilli
Anaerobes
Enterococus

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3
Q

what are the bacteriostatic drugs?

A 
Macrolides
tetracyclines
Nitrofurantoin can be both static and cidal
Clindamycin 
Linezolid
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4
Q

Amoxicillin with Clavulanate covers

A

Broad spectrum
gram positive aerobic cocci
gram negative aerobic cocci and bacilli
Most anaerobes

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5
Q

Piperacillin - covers especially which bacteria

A

Broad spectrum - broad gram negative coverage

AND PSEUDOMONAS

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6
Q

Cloxacillin covers importantly

A

Staph Aureus - mostly gram positive!

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7
Q

Cephalosporins dont cover which bug?

A

Enterococcus

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8
Q

First generation Ceph

A

CeFAzolin

CeFAlexin

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9
Q

Second generation Cephs

A

CefurOXime

CefOXitin

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10
Q

Third gen Cephs

A

CefTRIAxone
CefTAZidime
CefIXime

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11
Q

Fourth gen Ceph

A

Cefepime

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12
Q

Ciprofloxacin for which bacteria?

A

Gram negative aerobic bacilli - particularly Pseudomonas

some gram positive

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13
Q

Resp fluoroquinolones - what do they cover?

  • Levofloxacin
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Ofloxacin
A 
Gram neg aerobic bacilli (less Pseudomonas coverage)
Pneumonia causing bacteria
Aerobic gram positive cocci 
NOT Enterococcus
Mox - covers most anaerobes
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14
Q

What are the pneumonia causing bacteria

A 
S. pneumo
H flu
Mycoplasma
C. Pneumoniae
Legionella
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15
Q

Macrolides normally covers

E, A, C!

A

EAC - Gram positive cocci - NOT enterococus
AC - Bacteria which cause pneumonia
C- some gram negatives - travelers diarrhea, and gonorrhea

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16
Q

Tetracyclines - dox

A

Bacteria which cause pneumonia
Chlamydia
Atypical stuff!!
broad spectrum - YES MRSA -esp. Tigecycline

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17
Q

MRSA will need what Abx ?

A
  • Tigecycline - tetracycline
  • Septra?
  • Clindamycin
  • Vancomycin, Linezolid
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18
Q

Bacteria causing pneumonia - which Abx should be used?

A
  1. Macrolide
  2. Resp FQs
  3. Tetracycline
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19
Q

Aminoglycosides used when?

A

Aerobic gram negative bacilli

20
Q

Carbapenems -

A

Fairly broad!!

not good for MRSA and enterococus

21
Q

Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole/Septra/Bactrim

A

Broad -
esp imp for UTIs
Pneumocystis Jirovecci as well
MRSA!

22
Q

Nitrofurantoin covers

A

Gram negative aerobic bacilli - only used for cystisis

Enterococcus - only in urine

23
Q

Metronidazole/Flagyl

A

C diff

Anaerobes!

24
Q

Clindamycin

A

Aerobic Gram positive cocci , some Anerobes
MRSA!
NOT Enterococcus
Anaerobes above the diaphragm

25
Q

Vancomycin, Linezolid

A

Always available for gram positives!!
Aerobic Gram positive cocci
Include Enterococcus and MRSA
vancomycin PO covers C. diff

26
Q

Which 2 families of Abx used for out patients? for sick patients?

A
  1. Macrolides/ Tetracyclines

2. Aminoglycosides/carbapenems

27
Q

Group A strep infection - Abx

A

1st choice: Penicillin/ Amox
2nd choice: 1st gen Ceph
- Macrolide
- Resp FQ

Vanco
Clind

28
Q

Strep Pneumo or pneumococcus - Abx to use

A

1st choice: Pen/Amox
2nd choice: 2nd or 3rd gen ceph
- Macrolide
- Resp FQ!!!!

Dox
Vanco

29
Q

Enterococcus Abx to use

A
  1. Amox/Amp

2. Vancomycin/Linezolid

30
Q

Staph. Aureus

A
  1. If methicilin sensitive –> Cloxacillin

2. 1st gen ceph or vanco

31
Q

MRSA Abx

A

Bloodstream 1. Vanco 2. Linezolid

Skin/soft tisse 1. Clindamycin 2. Septra/Dox

32
Q

If you had a gram negative bacteria - what are the first choice Abx ?
If outpatient

A
  1. think of FQs –> CIPROFLOXACIN
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Broad spectrum Penicilin - Amox-Clav
33
Q

If you had a gram negative bacteria - what are the first choice Abx ?
If inpatient

A
  1. Aminoglycoside
  2. Piptazo
  3. Carbapenems
34
Q

If you had a respiratory tract Gram negative? H. Flu, Moraxella Catarrhalis

A
  1. Amox - Clav
  2. Ceph - 2nd or 3rd gen
  3. Resp FQs
  4. Macrolide - C A!
35
Q

If you had legionella (Gram neg)

A

Macrolide

Resp FQs

36
Q

N. Meningitidis

N. Gonorrhea

A

3rd gen ceph (esp. Ceftriaxone)

Azithromycin or Doxycycline fo gonorrhea

37
Q

chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A
  1. Azithromycin
  2. Dox

FQ

  • Ofloxacin for C. trachomatic
  • RFQ for pneumoniae
38
Q

Anaerobes!

A

Metronidazole!
AND
Cefoxitin! (2nd gen)

39
Q

Second generation cephalosporins good for?

A

Respiratory tract infections
H. Flu
Pneumococcus

40
Q

First generation Ceph?

A

Good for

Staph aureus or Group A strep

41
Q

What covers Pseudomonas?

A
  1. Ceftazidime and cefipime
  2. Ciprofloxacin
  3. aminoglycosides
  4. pep-tazo
  5. Meropenem
42
Q

Gonorrhea normally covered by

A

Ceftriaxone

43
Q

H flu covered by…

A

Cefuroxime and 3rd gen ceph

44
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea think… 2 abx

A
  1. Azithro

2. Cipro

45
Q

Macrolides and Cephalosporins do NOT cover

A

Enterococci

46
Q

Azithromycin reserved for

A

Atypical bacteria

47
Q

C. trachomatis

Microbiology (21 decks)

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