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Microbiology > Helminths > Flashcards

Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes are what type of worm?

A

Round worm (filarial and non-segmented)

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2
Q

Cestodes are

A

Tapeworms (flat worms) - segmented

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3
Q

Trematodes are

A

Flukes (flat worms) - non-segmented

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4
Q

2 types of flat worms

A

Flukes (trematodes) and Cestodes

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5
Q

Segments in tapeworms are called

A

Proglottids

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6
Q

Clonorctis sinesis is a flatworm that causes

A

cholangiocarcinoma

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7
Q

Ascaris - causes

A

obstruction of small bowel

biliary colic

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8
Q

Flukes and tapeworms - lifecycle

A

Often dont have a sexually maturing stage they are hermaphrodites

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9
Q

Ascaris - life cycle

A

Direct life cycle

- fecal-oral

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10
Q

Ascaris and Filaria - mechanism of harming hosts

A

Mechanical obstruction -

  • ascaris: biliary colic
  • Filaria: Lymphatics
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11
Q

Which worm do you see macrocytic Vitamin B 12 deficiency?

A

Tapeworms -

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12
Q

Which worm do you often find out-competes the host for Iron?

A

Hookworm - lodges in bowel and removed blood from capillary

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13
Q

Fasciola liver fluke can cause

A

Cytotoxicity - to liver cells

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14
Q

Blood flukes like Schistosoma can cause

A

Granulomatous inflammation

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15
Q

schisotosoma species can cause malignant

A

Bladder cancer - metaplasia - squamous cell cancer

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16
Q

Which cell-mediated response is needed for clearance of intestinal worms?

A

Th2 response

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17
Q

Which cells are also important to fight worms coated with IgE

A

Eosinophils - degranulate onto IGE coated worms

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18
Q

Macrophages fight worms by

A

ROS intermediated after phagocytosing filaria

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19
Q

Nitric oxide produced in response to

A

IFN gamma and TNF-a

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20
Q

IgE dependent mast-cell reactions localize the

A

Eosinophils to parasites

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21
Q

Eosinophils adhere to the worm via which receptors

A

Fc (binds IgE) and C3 receptor - destroy skin

22
Q

What are the 2 hallmarks of an immune response to worm infections

A

IgE and Eosinophilia

23
Q

How do you detect shistosomiasis

A

Urine- blood

24
Q

2 worms you detect radiologically

A

Hyatid cyst
Cysticercosis
BOTH CESTODES

25
Q

Serology most common to diagnose

A

infections

26
Q

Which worm causes Hyatid cysts

A

Echinococcus Tapeworm

27
Q

In Echinococcus tapeworm life cycle who is the definitive host

A

The dog - adult worm in the gut of dog

  • sheep and goat are intermediate
  • we usually act as intermediate host!
28
Q

How do we often treat helminths

A

anti-parasitics
Pumpkin seeds for tapeworms
Abx and Antifungals DONT work

29
Q

Hydatid cycsts often managed

A

Surgically - lung, brain

30
Q

Case: 20 yr old, 3 seizures,

A

Neurocysticercosis - tapeworm Taenia solium

31
Q

In Taenia solium what is the intermediate host

A

The pig - greatest seizure disorder

- high prevalence in latin america, asia, india

32
Q

Larva of taenia solium has a predilection for

A

brain and striated muscle

33
Q

Larva of taenia solium matures in

34
Q

Taeniasis

A

Eating raw pig infected with T solium

35
Q

Cystocercosis

A

When we eat fecal matter from another human - infected with T solium

36
Q

If you eat pig - you do NOT

A

get cystocercosis

37
Q

Natural history of Parenchymal NeurocS - when are you asymptomatic - first few years

A

When heads of worm - scolex - are in brain evading immune system

38
Q

Natural history of Parenchymal NeurocS - when do you have seizures

A

Inflammation - host immune response to the DYING parasite

39
Q

Natural history of Parenchymal NeurocS - when do you punctate calcified scar

A

dead cystocersis - symptom resolution

40
Q

How do you treat cysticercosis

A

Anti-parasitic - albenazole, praziquantel

41
Q

If you have cystocercosis in ventricles you need to

A

Remove endoscopically

42
Q

CASE: 46 yr old goes to montego bay, intense pruritis of plantar foot

A

Cutaneous Larva migrans - CLM

very COMMON IN JAMAICA

43
Q

In the cat or dog the CLM has a

A

Direct life cycle -

but in humans it is Indirect via skin penetration

44
Q

How do you diagnose CLM

A

anti-parasitics

45
Q

25 yr old, proximal wrist swelling, orbital swelling, 3 weeks in central cameroon, very high eosinophilia

A

Loiasis - a type of filariasis - nematode!! - round worm

46
Q

Loa Loa life cycle - what is the host - eye worm!

A

vector-borne - deer fly
- injects larval stage - need male and female -
microfalaria circular in blood, FLY is definitive host

47
Q

Elephantiasis filariasis causes

A

Moquito borne Lympathic obstruction

48
Q

Filarial dance sign

A

Ultrasound

49
Q

Serology for filariasis

A

Cross react with other organisms, NOT specific but very sensitive

50
Q

What is the one case where you can treat with antimicrobials

A

Doxycycline for Loa loa

and can use anti parasitics

Microbiology (21 decks)

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